Fragmentos de DNA mitocondrial e nuclear nos estudos de taxonomia e filogenia de Ceroplastinae Atkinson (Hemiptera: Coccidae)
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2016-08-29Autor
Rosa, Keila de Cassia Coelho
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Molecular biology techniques, such as DNA sequencing to verify genetic
polymorphisms, have been increasingly used in taxonomy studies and phylogenetic
systematics. The mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI), chosen to be a
universal marker of barcode of life (DNA barcoding), has been used in the identification
of many living organisms, as well as for intraspecific variability studies, find cryptic
species, among other uses. Phylogenetic studies generally combine two or more markers
to increase the resolution at different taxonomic levels. Therefore, in this study, these
techniques were employed to help taxonomy and phylogeny studies of scale insect
species belonging to the Ceroplastinae Atkinson (Hemiptera: Coccidae). In the first
chapter, DNA barcoding sequences were generated for four new species of the genus
Ceroplastes Gray that were described morphologically. The integrated use of genetic
and morphological data facilitated the establishment of the species, despite the
phenotypic variability presented by some of the species. In the second chapter,
fragments of COI and 28S genes were used to confirm that the Ceroplastes glomeratus
Peronti species has two different forms, changing the behavior and morphological
characters in different generations. In the third chapter, the molecular data obtained by
sequencing of small fragments of COI and 28S genes grouped were used to construct
phylogenetic hypothesis among the Ceroplastinae species studied here, testing groups
that have been proposed previously for some species with distribution in the state of São
Paulo, applying the methods of maximum likelihood and Bayesin inference.