Avaliação ecotoxicológica de um novo potencial formicida: análises in vitro e in vivo

Abstract

The use of toxic bait represents an important tool when dealing with important agriculture and silviculture plagues, where hesperidin flavonoid complexation with magnesium(II) generates a compound (Mg(hesp)) with high effect against cutting ants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of Mg(hesp) (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 e 1000 ng mL-1) using cytogenetic and biochemical biomarkers in vitro (zebrafish hepatocytes – ZF-L) and in vivo (Neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus). Mg(hesp) has great impact in cell population (confluence and morphology) and in activity of cellular organelles (mitochondria and lysosome), in addition to affect cellular stability through generations of reactive oxygens species mainly in higher concentrations (100 e 1000 ng mL-1). Biochemical responses include GSH and MT role as antioxidant and biotransformation molecules. Genetic influence of Mg(hesp) could also be detected in nuclear abnormalities and DNA instability, leading to alterations in cell cycle of zebrafish hepatocytes but with a probable activation of repair mechanisms. Membrane damage and apoptosis and necrosis pathways were not observed. Cellular effects of Mg(hesp) in ZF-L represent consequences of effects in several cellular compartments, which probably lead to alternative death cell pathways. In vivo analyses also showed Mg(hesp) influences, including hematological alterations, impacting on oxygen availability. Events of DNA instability (increasing in DNA fragments and nuclear abnormalities) in erythrocytes and hepatocytes also were observed. However, the absence of micronuclei formation is a strong indicative of an effective action of repair mechanisms. Biochemical responses in P. lineatus did not presented a clear pattern, but were effective in prevent membrane damages. Thus, results indicate that Mg(hesp) influences occurred mainly after 24 h of exposure, while fewer damages were observed after 96 h, suggesting a potential capacity of organism recovery, emphasizing the importance of more assessments of Mg(hesp) effect and the promising use of this compound.