Plantas invasoras na américa latina: avanços, direções e desafios
Abstract
La sociedad moderna sufre grandes problemáticas ambientales como resultado del impacto antropogénico y el desarrollo económico. América Latina es una de las regiones más afectadas, sin embargo, las invasiones biológicas de diferentes grupos taxonómicos son de los problemas más evidentes, pero menos estudiados. Tradicionalmente, los estudios de invasiones biológicas han explorado enfoques locales, en un único filo y con poco abordadas las relaciones antropogénicas. Históricamente, las plantas invasoras en América Latina han tenido un gran impacto en los ecosistemas, y solo recientemente la comunidad científica ha desarrollado grupos de investigación que producen algunos documentos relevantes. Por esta razón, el objetivo de este estudio es mostrar y describir las investigaciones sobre plantas invasoras en América Latina y sus autores a lo largo del tiempo, para contribuir en la planificación estratégica de las futuras investigaciones. Este estudio se realizó durante noviembre de 2019 a través de la base de datos de Web of Science que acumula y condensa informaciones desde 1945. Se obtuvieron 1168 documentos, que muestran que el número de estudios ha aumentado considerablemente durante los últimos quince años, así como las tasas promedio de citas relacionadas con la calidad de la investigación. Los cuatro países con el mayor número de documentos generados fueron Brasil, Argentina, Chile y México. Los países centroamericanos tienen un gran vacío de conocimiento, al igual que Bolivia, Perú y Paraguay. La región más estudiada fue la región de América del Sur y los biomas de la sabana y la pampa. La tasa promedio de citas no aumenta con el número de autores, sino con la presencia de autores extranjeros, específicamente norteamericanos y europeos. La mayoría de los estudios son de tipo experimental, pero los estudios teóricos y de metanálisis obtienen un mayor número de citaciones. Basados en estos resultados, los científicos podrían promover un protocolo estandarizado y unificado que genere un mayor contenido en especies invasoras, tanto en las diferentes etapas de invasión como en la extracción, manejo o control. Los resultados también contribuyen a la detección de posibles lagunas en la identificación de actuales invasiones y la promoción de sistemas de investigación en América Latina. Modern society suffers major environmental problems as a result of the anthropogenic impact and economic development. Latin America is one of the most affected regions, however biological invasions of different taxonomic groups are most evident issues, but less studied. Historically, plant invaders in Latin America have had major impacts on ecosystems, and only recently that scientific community has developed research groups producing some relevant documents. For this reason, the aim of this study is to analyze and describe research about invasive plants in Latin America and its authors, to contribute to the strategic planning of future research. This study was conducted during November 2019 through Web of Science database that accumulates and condenses information since 1945. 1168 documents were obtained, number of studies has increased considerably during the last fifteen years. As well as the average citation rates related to the quality of the research. The four countries with the highest number of documents generated were Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Mexico. Central American countries have a great knowledge gap, as do Bolivia, Peru and Paraguay. The most studied region was South American, and Savanna and Pampa biomes. The average citation rate does not increase with the number of authors, but if with the presence of foreign authors, specifically North American and European. Most studies are of the experimental type, however theoretical and meta-analysis studies obtain a higher number of citations. Based on these results, scientists could promote a standardized and unified protocol that generates greater content on invasive species, both in different stages of invasion until extraction, management or control. Results also contribute to the detection of possible gaps in identification of current invasions and promotion of Latin American research systems.
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