Uma investigação do motivo por procura de vaga em instituições para cuidados prolongados em São Carlos e Araraquara

Abstract

Introduction: In the Brazilian scenario, population aging has been shown in evidence. We highlight improvements and investments in social, health and assistance programs for people over 60, and support for families. Some programs, projects and services gain evidence of care and offer support and assistance to families and the elderly who need care, through comprehensive institutional care, in which the Long-Term Care Institutions for the Elderly (ILPI), also known as asylums, shelters or nursing homes are inserted. Objective: To verify the reason for the requests for vacancies in ILPI in two cities in the interior of São Paulo state (São Carlos and Araraquara), as well as to characterize who sought the vacancy and for whom. Methodology: This is a qualitative and quantitative research, of a descriptive and retrospective nature, the analysis being carried out through the thematic content. The collection of this work was through the database of the research group Law, City and Aging of the Department of Gerontology (DGero) at UFSCar, referring to the initial twelve months of collection of each municipality (São Carlos: October 2018 to September 2019; and Araraquara: May 2018 to April 2019). After the collection, a bibliographic date was carried out with the intersection of the descriptors in the selected databases, restricting the bibliographic productions close to the study theme. In addition, data were collected on the general characterization of the ILPI the number of available and occupied places, the general profile of the elderly (gender, age group, marital status), characterization of who searched for the place and the reason for the search. These data were organized in spreadsheets in Excel and application of simple statistics. The results indicate 154 scientific productions, of which 116 articles and 38 productions referring to theses and dissertations. 32 were excluded due to duplicity and 119 because they did not address the research topic, resulting in 3 scientific articles. There was a total of 26 ILPI, 16 in the city of Araraquara and 10 in São Carlos. In addition, it was observed that some of them offer vacancies for the option of Day Center for Elderly (CDI). 214 job search files were registered, 37 in São Carlos and 177 in Araraquara. Of these, 133 (62%) were for women and 81 (38%) for men. Most of the elderly are aged 80 and over (114; 53.3%), widowed marital status (58.9%). Most of the applicants are family members (daughters, 88; 41.12%), female (150; 70%), between 50 and 59 years old (56; 26%), married (138; 64.48%). Regarding the reasons for seeking vacancies in the institutions, two dimensions were classified, family (152; 71%) and elderly (51; 24%). In both, the category "qualified care" stood out, being for the family (128; 60%) and for the reason of "caregiver without qualification" (100; 47%). For the elderly dimension, the category "qualified care" indicated 27 (13%) for the highlighted reason "you cannot take care of yourself" (27; 13%). In the search for a place at the LTCF, the requests in evidence were for qualified care and socialization (67.5% and 9.5% respectively), while vacancies for CDI were the highlight for socialization (15; 71.4%). Conclusion: The profile of the elderly seeking a vacancy is predominantly female, aged over 80 years, widowed and partially dependent. Regarding those who sought the position, most of them were the daughters because of the need for qualified care for the elderly. The frailty of the elderly and a greater request for the type of care at the ILPI were identified. The search for CDI in the ILPI environment may indicate weaknesses in the understanding of the type of services, or the absence of these types of services in the municipality, signaling demands for part-time care attention that favors keeping the elderly person as long as possible with his family and greater support for family members.