Processos pioneiros de diferenciação socioespacial urbana no oeste paulista: o caso de São Carlos (1880-1914)

Abstract

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the countryside of São Paulo underwent a series of changes resulting from the coffee economy, including: mass immigration, the official Abolition of Slavery (1888) and the pre-urbanization, responsible for characterizing cities as they are today. Due to these historical and economic facts, cities like São Carlos/SP received different groups of people - due to their ethnicity, race, class and occupation -, responsible for occupying the space of a nascent city in different regions according to their social differences. In view of this, this study aimed to investigate, from historical documents, the genesis of social differentiation processes associated with spatial characteristics in the city of São Carlos/SP from 1880 to 1914, due to the end of abolition and the large influx of foreign migrants to the cities there seems to have been a population differentiation within the streets and neighborhoods, due to these differences between the individuals who produce the urban space, modify it and are linked to it. Therefore, we sought to understand, from censuses, tax collection books and maps, issues related to population differentiation in the streets and neighborhoods as a reflection of the socioeconomic profiles of the population. Data were collected from historical documents from the collections of the Fundação Pró-Memória de São Carlos and the Unidade Especial de Informação e Memória (UEIM) at the Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). In the end, all the documentation was cataloged based on a documental analysis and a georeferencing software was used to develop cartographic representations of the social differences found.