Linguagem escrita na educação infantil: práticas de uma professora pesquisadora

Abstract

This research aimed to analyze the written language practices developed by the researcher herself as a teacher of the group of children in the last stage of Early Childhood Education (phase 6) in 2019, in an educational unit of the municipal school system of a city in the interior of São Paulo State. The chosen methodology was the exploratory qualitative research conducted out through documentary research and the autoethnographic approach. Data analysis was carried out from the researcher teacher's pedagogical records, using her annual plan, her weekly plan and photographic records of the written language practices accomplished that year. The development of the investigation took place from a framework composed of theoretical contribution of works by reference authors in written language in Early Childhood Education in the historical-cultural perspective; a bibliographical survey of academic productions on the subject was also made in the publications of ANPEd's works, according to the State of Question methodology, and a brief interpretation of official guidance documents and what they propose for the teaching of written language in early childhood education which, as well as the theoretical reference, contributed to the dialogue with the analysis of the pedagogical documents. From this analysis, we sought to understand how the researcher teacher conducted these practices, considering the children's specificities and the playful dimension in this work. The study pointed out that the researcher teacher performed several practices involving mostly written language, with games and a playful dimension, besides the social use of writing, which is in line with what is recommended by the historical-cultural approach. In addition to these, activities of a mechanical nature were identified, such as outlining the dotted lines of letters and copies of words, since writing was approached out of context and meaning for the children. The analysis of these practices supported by theoretical contributions enabled a reflective process, leading the researcher teacher to a process of reframing her work. It was identified, therefore, that this study caused changes in conceptions and actions based on the reflection of its own practice. As a result, the research reaffirms and proposes the written language practices developed with children whereas the social use of writing was performed in an interactive way, with playful aspects and interactions, in line with what the historical-cultural approach advocates. This result will be shared as a product with Early Childhood Education teachers, enabling a reflective process on written language practices among peers.