A "nova" direita brasileira: um estudo do mercado político no pós-impeachment
Resumen
Brazil registered between the implementation of the Real Plan in 1994 and 2012
significative results in all its socioeconomic indexes. The country seemed to be going
toward modernization, cultural change, the consolidation of its democratic system as well
as human empowerment. This path, nonetheless, was interrupted and since 2013 the
country has faced political, social, cultural, economic and institutional crises, which not
only damaged the image of the government and its political institutions, but also
stimulated the emergence of political groups that identify themselves with what the
literature has called an “extreme” or a “new” right. The reasons that promoted the
emergence of this radical right worldwide and, more specifically in Brazil, are multiple
and evolve economic, political and cultural issues. To understand this phenomenon, it is
necessary to look into the various actors involved in this dynamic: voters (demand),
political elites (supply) and the media, more specifically, social media as an intermediary
between demand and supply. That said, we aim to identify the profile of those voters who
support the “new” right’s rhetoric, expressed mostly on Jair Bolsonaro, based on
socioeconomic and demographic elements; and cultural values such as authoritarianism,
law and order, tradition and stability, nationalism and intolerance to groups considered
minorities. Second, we want to comprehend the dynamics of the use of social media in
the political scene. We aim to understand how they may have contributed to shape voters’
values and perceptions. Thus, our research question is: Who is the Brazilian “new” right
and how it built itself through social media? Our hypothesis is that Bolsonaro’s voters
are more inclined to cultivate attitudes aligned with those other extreme right movements
worldwide. Additionally, we believe those attitudes are reinforced among those who
consume more online content. In order to achieve our goals, we use the 2018/2019
America’s Barometer survey data base. Firstly, we build a digital activism index and
identify the share of the electorate that identifies with the political figure of Jair
Bolsonaro. Secondly, we build four models to measure behavior considered authoritarian,
such as: supporting coups when there is too much crime as well as corruption and
supporting the closure of the National Congress and the Supreme Court. Lastly, we
analyze the relationship among the use of social media, vote in Jair Bolsonaro and
authoritarian behavior. The results show that Bolsonaro’s voters are more inclined to
cultivate authoritarian behavior and, those who are more active on social media seem to
present even stronger authoritarian characteristics.
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