Triagem e diagnóstico de TEA: perspectivas de médicos atuantes em municípios paulistas
Resumen
Considering the advance of knowledge about Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the
changes that have occurred in the characterization of people with autism according to the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the International
Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Problems Health (CID) and the
emergence of new diagnostic tools, questioned what procedures physicians specialized in
pediatrics, neuropediatrics and/or neurology employ to perform better-informed
diagnoses in the investigation of ASD. Therefore, this study aimed to: Identify the
procedures used by pediatricians, neurologists and neuropediatricians to screen and
diagnosis of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); Describe the training and
experience of these professionals in carrying out diagnoses of children with autism/ASD;
Identify the criteria that these doctors use for early diagnosis; and Identify the knowledge
of professionals about ASD. The design was descriptive with a mixed approach. The
participants were professionals graduated in the medical course, specialized in pediatrics,
neurology or neuropediatrics who practice the profession in the interior of the state of São
Paulo. The professionals were identified in the lists of specialties available for online
consultation on the websites of health plans and a website of medical schools in Brazil,
selecting those from the interior of São Paulo. With the lists in hand, the professionals
were contacted via email or telephone. The questionnaire was applied online via Google
Forms. The study had descriptive statistical analysis. Nine pediatricians participated in
the research, one specialized in neurology and neuropediatrics. The results showed that
for physicians, the characteristics of ASD are present in social communication, motor
movements, the use of stereotyped or repetitive objects or speech, and, in some cases,
persistence in social interaction. Most doctors do not work with a multidisciplinary team
and those who claimed to work said they had the support of the Occupational Therapist
and the Speech-Language Pathologist as the main team members. As for the resources,
the most used manual and/or booklet were the ICD-10 and the DSM-V, which are the
most updated. Besides these, they use the instruments: M-CHAT, CARS and the ADOS
or ADOS-2. Regarding the procedure for making the diagnosis, the physicians informed
that they consult other specialists, with the neuropediatrician being the most indicated, in
addition to relying on the child's family help, tests, anamnesis, behavioral assessment. Six
participants informed that according to their experiences, the diagnosis is being early and
is completed by the child's 3 years and 11 months of age. It is concluded that physicians
have up-to-date information on the characterization of ASD, know the procedures to be
performed to make a diagnosis, and are doing it early.
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