Deficiência intelectual e sexualidade: a violência sexual em foco
Resumen
Sex, sexuality and disability are complex phenomena, present in everyone's lives, but
manifesting themselves in different ways. These phenomena are permeated by knowledge and
powers and can motivate episodes of aggression. Sexual violence is any sexual act that
involves coercion, intimidation, threats or blackmail, and is carried out without the consent of
the other person. Sexual exploitation is the forced involvement of minors in situations of
prostitution or forced marriage. There is a high incidence of this violence today, especially
among female adolescents, however there are few studies that investigate this violence aimed
at people with disabilities. This gap in Brazilian scientific production prompts questions to
Brazilian researchers and unfolds in research possibilities, such as the vulnerability of people
with disabilities to situations of sexual violence and their knowledge about violence, sex and
sexuality. Thus, the general objective of this research was to investigate the vulnerability of
young people with intellectual disabilities in the face of situations of sexual violence and to
identify the knowledge of these young people and their guardians and teachers about
sexuality, sex, sexual violence and its prevention. Quali-quantitative methods of data
collection and analysis were used. Initially, the “What if – Situations test” instrument was
applied to nine young people diagnosed with intellectual disabilities residing in the interior of
the state of São Paulo to investigate their vulnerability to situations of sexual violence. Semi structured interviews were also carried out with these young people, their guardians and their
teachers, addressing topics about sex, sexuality, sex education and protection from sexual
violence. The collected data were systematized and analyzed qualitatively using genealogy
under a Foucaultian understanding. The results showed that young women demonstrate
considerable vulnerability to sexual violence, with difficulties in recognizing situations that
indicate danger and in acting in the face of these situations. Their responses to situations of
danger were permeated by social constructions of gender, approaching socially required
performances of the male and female gender. The speeches of the guardians circulated about
the overprotection of their children, constituting a system of surveillance and control of the
body, and in infantilizing and asexual notions of disability. The teachers also noticed these
speeches by the guardians, and they try to do orienting work with the students, however their
performance is permeated by the control and surveillance of the body and by the
hypersexualizing discourses of disability. Both teachers and guardians say they do not work
on preventing violence with young people, giving vague and not very assertive guidelines on
sexual violence. The intersection between the studies of sexuality, violence and disability is
an unexplored field, however rich in contributions to professional practice and to the fight
against violence. It is hoped that this thesis has contributed to these questions.
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