Politopia Enunciativa: a argumentação e a argumentatividade sobre Ditadura Militar nos livros didáticos de história

Abstract

This work intends to investigate, describe and interpret the meaning of Military Dictatorship in history textbooks, available by the Ministry of Education (MEC) to public schools in Brazil. Knowing how the production of meaning on the subject is urged and taught, through textbooks, is justified by the huge demand that textbooks represent in the lives of Brazilians. Thus, we adopted for description and analysis the Semantics of Event (2002; 2007; 2011; 2013; 2018), coined by the linguist Eduardo Guimarães (UNICAMP). We understand the use of the word as an enunciation event integrated by temporalities that make it mean. We collected for analysis five textbooks, distributed through the National Textbook Program (PNLD), between the years 2016 to 2020. Taking into account the configuration of argumentation and argumentativity in the Semantics of Event theory, we conclude that the meaning of Dictatorship Military in the books presented himself as partially stabilized, being described by a chronological narrative that addresses the coup to the amnesty process. Military dictatorship was determined, in all books, by communist threat, political repression, torture and censorship. Another highlight are the ways in which the Speaker comments on his own saying, with the use of articulators in addition, even, among others, that presented a mobilization between the social place of saying, the Speaker and the enunciators. This argumentative construction allowed us to see when there was an escape from a universal narrative, that is, when other enunciators appeared beyond the universal, as collective enunciators (the military, the opposition, among others) and individual enunciators (such as those in which the use of articulators illuminated its appearance).