Facilitadores e barreiras de um programa de exercícios físicos para gestantes por meio da telefisioterapia: estudo observacional

Abstract

Introduction: In the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women remain in the risk group, being removed from health services and due to social isolation, they have become more prone to sedentary lifestyle. The practice of physical activity during the gestational period allows the reduction of risk factors (gestational diabetes, gestational hypertensive disorders, among others), musculoskeletal discomforts and excessive body mass gain. However, with social isolation, the maintenance of physical activity was restricted, being necessarily necessary in this context. In this sense, the Federal Council of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy regulated the physical therapist's remote assistance, as an alternative for the care of pregnant women in social isolation. Despite the importance of telephysiotherapy, its recent nature in Brazil and sociocultural aspects may compromise the viability of interventions applied remotely. Objective: To verify the viability of the participation of pregnant women in an online physical exercise group. Method: This is a retrospective and observational study, with a quantitative approach, in which pregnant women who were part of an Online Physical Exercise Guidance Group participated. The participants answered an online form composed of sociodemographic data and obstetric history, as well as quantitative data of interest, which included the practice of physical exercises, type and quality of the internet, work of the team that led the exercises and environment for the practice. . Results: The study included 17 pregnant women, with a mean age of 36.2 years (SD = 4.08), 94.2% with higher education. Regarding the type of internet, only 5.8% of the participants used broadband, the other 94.1% used residential Wi-Fi. 11.7% of the participants reported having stopped participating in a session due to the internet connection. The most used device to participate in the sessions was the computer 52.9%, followed by the cell phone 41.1% and only 5.8% of the participants used a tablet/iPad.As for the health equipment that the participants had at home to measure vital signs, 58.8% of the participants had a device to measure blood pressure and 64.7% had a device to check their heart rate. About the work of the team that commanded the exercises, the answers obtained were: about the command voice of the leadership, 94.1% answered very good and 5.8% good; welcome/empathy 94.1% answered very good and 5.8% good; clarity in the instructions about the exercises 82.3% very good and 17.6% good; need to adapt some exercises 82.3% very good and 17.6% good. Regarding the exercise protocol, the considerations made were: 94.1% considered it very good and 5.8% good. When asked about the attention given by the team of professionals, 100% answered very good. Finally, with regard to the adequacy of the exercise protocol for pregnant women, 64.7% answered I completely agree and 35.2% answered I agree. Conclusion: It is concluded that for this group of women the practice of physical exercise online was feasible, however, several adaptations are possible to increase the potential adherence of this population to this modality of physiotherapeutic intervention.