(Des) Proteção Social: a voz da criança e do adolescente no procedimento da Escuta Especializada

Abstract

This dissertation aims to analyze the social protection condition of children and adolescents who are victims of violence, based on Law 13.431/2017, which establishes the Child and Adolescent Rights Guarantee System. To achieve this goal, the focus of investigation is on the social protection of children and adolescents, with the goal of ensuring conditions of care and protection through the Specialized Listening procedure. The methodology employed includes bibliographical and documentary research. With a theoretical foundation in childhood studies and protection (Ariès, 1981; Leite, 2011; Dobke, 2001; Cezar, 2007); and human condition (Arendt, 1969, 1994, 2007; Butler, 2011, 2015, 2021), we conducted bibliographical research in the Capes database of theses and dissertations, from 2017 (the year the law was enacted) to 2022, resulting in the selection of 5 master's dissertations (professional and academic) and 1 doctoral thesis as the corpus for analysis. Laws, decrees, and regulations that regulate the Specialized Listening procedure complement our corpus from the perspective of documentary research. A case study, based on news reports (Fantástico program on Rede Globo), highlights the importance of comprehensive protection by the State and the contradictions involving different actors responsible for the Child and Adolescent Rights Guarantee System in implementing the Specialized Listening procedure. The results emphasize the importance of coordinating the network of the Rights Guarantee System to ensure that the voices of all children and adolescents are heard in their unique human development conditions and that their fundamental rights are guaranteed. Therefore, the Specialized Listening procedure should not be considered merely as information gathering, but as a technical process that records not only what is heard but what has happened to the victim, seeking to first hear from the responsible and subsequently from the child or adolescent. This is a procedure that can contribute to an in-depth understanding of the reality of children and adolescents in search of social protection and care, to overcome the violence they have suffered.