Plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos na Amazônia paraense: elo ancestral entre natureza e saúde para políticas públicas
Resumo
Several rural communities value the conservation of nature and its use, managing
medicinal plants, handling, and using natural medicines as symbol of their culture. This
study aimed to understand the characterization, spatialization and use of medicinal
plants and integrative health practices in three municipalities (Bragança, Tracuateua
and Augusto-Corrêa, Pará State), in Brazilian Amazon. Based on the content of the
“National Policy on Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics” (PNPMF), and on the
“National Policy on Integrative and Complementary Practices” (PNPIC, from Brazilian
Public Health Service – SUS), we collected data from rural communities and public
health entities and professionals. This is an exploratory and descriptive research with
mixed qualitative and quantitative methodologies. To identify the species used in the
communities, secondary data were used (from lists of species already produced in
previous surveys), from 47 rural communities, in the three municipalities. The location
of citations was carried out using the Global Satellite Navigation System, the points
were imported into QGIS 3.26 and their correspondence to the satellite images
contained in Google Earth was verified, to create maps. We had 77 employees from
four Basic Health Units involved in the survey (Manoel dos Santos - in Tracuateua,
Almoço and Alto-Paraíso – in Bragança, and Buçu – in Augusto Corrêa), from different
expertise areas: doctors, dentists, nurses, oral health assistants, community health
agents, security guards, drivers, and administrative work professionals. To analyze the
use of medicinal plants and the knowledge about them, and the knowledge about
public policies, interviews and questionnaires were applied. Thematic maps were
prepared with the location of the communities, with the number of species per
community, with the characterization of life forms of the identified species, and with the
number of species with potential for cultivation. Of the 137 species surveyed, 45%
were native. The dominant families were Asteraceae and Lamiaceae. Life forms were
herbs (36%), shrubs (30%), trees (28%) and lianas (6%). The ways of obtaining plants
in the communities were exchange (33%), cultivation (30%), purchase (22%) and
extraction (15%). People in the study area have and afro-indigenous origin and the
practice of health care with medicinal plants among them is frequent. No services
involving medicinal plants are offered in the public health system. There is no
relationship between professionals acting in the public health system and the “healing
agents” of the communities, and the public health service employees’ knowledge about
the PNPMF and PNPIC is still incipient.
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