Elaboração, implementação e avaliação de um programa de atividade de construção de bonecos para crianças vítimas de violência com dificuldades de aprendizagem.
Resumo
The aim of this study was to set up and evaluate an intervention program, based on the
manufacture of dolls, with children victims of violence, living in a shelter and presenting
learning difficulties. The study aimed also at describing the needs and skills of these children
during the proposed activities and their evolution throughout the program. Three children
aged seven, eight and nine years, attending the classes of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grades took part in
the program. Doll manufacture involved specific steps so that systematization (patterning) of
situations could be assured. Specific strategies were adopted in order to offer opportunities of
successful experiences in the tasks performed by the children. The program consisted of 20
hours of intervention, divided in nine videotaped sections. The Silver Drawing Test, applied
pre and post-intervention, was used to evaluate the results. To analyze videotape records, an
observation guide, previously adapted from clinic observation guide of children, was used.
The observation guide allowed systematization of each individual observation, with focus on
quantitative performance indexes, by means of production and behavior, facing an oriented
situation. Data were analyzed intraperson and results were evaluated to detect possible
influences of the program on children performance. pre- and post-intervention SDT indicate
differences in child performances. Such differences must be analyzed under the specific
context of the program, considering the evolution of behavior and performance, and taking
into account the stage of development of each child. In conclusion the program: allowed
children an exercise of abilities and a gradual development of autonomy, distinguished the
development of initiative attitudes; it supplied chances of organized communication and
possibilities affective entailing with the evolution of positive interactions between child and
adult; it made possible acquisition and maintenance of attitudes of organization; it allowed the
continuous exercise of the planning ability; and the increase on feelings of self-valuation. The
program may be used as an instrument to evaluate the presence or absence of the resources
necessary to child development, as well to identify areas that must be priority within a
stimulation context. A gap to be filled by further research is studies that draw attention to the
care of victimized and sheltered children, aiming at overcoming the problems generated by
violence, maximizing children internal resources to struggling and raising the factors of
protection that provide them with proper self-control when facing risk situations.