Habilidades sociais em trabalhadores com e sem deficiência física: uma análise comparativa

Abstract

Considering that many researches show the importance of social skills not only for personal well-being but for a good professional performance as well, this research having as axis the theoretical-practical camp of Social Skill Training compares two samples of workers: (a) the ones with physical disability and (b) the ones without physical disability. The objectives in this study are: (1) to identify and compare the profile of workers with physical disability and workers without physical disability; (2) to classify and compare positive and negative aspects provided by the job; (3) to identify and compare the important social skills for the workplace; (4) to identify the importance of social skills in the workplace for the bosses; (5) to analyze and compare the social skills of workers with physical disability and workers without physical disability. Twenty-seven workers with physical disability (TDF), twenty-seven workers without physical disability (TND) and nine bosses (GS) participated in this study. The research has been done at five companies located in the inland of the state of São Paulo. The tools used were: Criterion Brazil, Interview, Checklist of Social Skills in Work and Inventory of Social Skills. The social-economic, social-demographic and Checklist results were analyzed according to the mean and standard deviation; the answers of the interview have been analyzed according to the category and frequency; in the Inventory of Social Skills the scores and the frequency have been considered. Finally, in the comparative analysis what was considered were the tendency (p<0,1) and significance (p<0,05), using Student t-Test (SPSS) and Chi-square test. As to the aspects provided by the job, TND presented more frequency of negative aspects than TDF. The analysis of the content has shown classes of positive aspects (Citizenship; Combination of Interest; Finances; Personal Appreciation; Professional Appreciation; Social Relations) and classes of negative aspects (Difficulty in Interpersonal Relations; Mechanical Work; Physical and Emotional Stress; Professional Worthless; Shift Work). In general, the results have shown that TDF and TND related a good repertoire of social skills and pointed out, together with GS, social skills in the workplace as very important. The comparative analysis has shown significant differences between TDF and TND. However, one concludes that the phenomena of physical disability must not constrain the body limit, because the social development of these people seems to suffer influence from both the context and the social relations as well as the social development of people without physical disability.