O processo de nucleamento e fechamento das escolas rurais na região de São João da Boa Vista (SP)

Abstract

The study aimed to analyze the process of nucleamento and closing of rural schools in the region of São João da Boa Vista, using as base municipalities: Casa Branca, Divinolândia and Sao Jose do Rio Pardo. This process was the transformation of schools into centers-schools or nucleation in order to become recipients of the students of extinct rural schools (multigrade isolated and / unidocentes) and may be located in rural or urban areas. Taking into consideration the historical context, political, socioeconomic and educational, emphasizing above all the transformations in agriculture in the State of São Paulo, which resulted in the expropriation of thousands of rural workers because of agricultural mechanization driven by the expansion of sugarcane sectors and citrus, sought to discuss and understand: the service that or those rural schools were nucleated? How did and what the cause of nucleamento and consequent closure of rural schools? Thus, the study has two categories considered inseparable: the capitalist mode of production and the education of the rural population. The analysis of the first category was made from the study of Marxist theoretical framework, through data collected in the field research (interviews and questionnaires) and by searching statistical data sites on the economy, agriculture, labor and demographics. But the study on the education of the rural population was given by historical rescue about nucleamento of rural schools and on the education of the rural population from the 1960s, involving the educational laws that regulate the process and the changes occurred in rural areas. Was also made a survey of existing rural schools from the 1970s and the condition of rural schools in the three cities listed in the study for that, in addition to the documentary research of extinct rural schools with the state arquivadoras schools, questionnaires were targeted for managers of municipal departments of Education White House, Divinolândia and São José do Rio Pardo, the active rural schools, as well as interviews with parents of students in rural schools. On the information collected and based on the theoretical study has improved to discussion of the process that resulted in the closure of 390 rural schools (1970-2014) which had as its backdrop the agricultural productive restructuring, considering then that the nucleamento and the consequent closure of rural schools served the capital and was far from serving the interests of rural workers.