Organização do trabalho : ferramentas disponíveis para avaliação e análise
Resumo
Work organization aspects has become increasingly important in the field of
ergonomics, since they can affect both the health of workers as productivity,
profitability and product quality. Therefore, this thesis has as main objectives to
investigate the organization of work in a more conceptual perspective and in a more
applied and for that two studies were conducted; one of them being a systematic review
and the other a study a application of two different approaches to assessment of the
organization. Study 1. Work organization, although currently very studied, does not
present a consensus on the concept and also on the tool to be used to evaluate this
aspect. This makes it difficult to compare results and to provide scientific evidence.
Thus, the aim of the first study was identify the tools available in the literature to assess
the organizational aspects of the work environment. Methods: We performed searches
in major databases. Two reviewers independently selected relevant studies. We included
studies that evaluated the organization of work and reporting tool used for this purpose.
The psychometric properties of the tools used in the studies were checked and content
of the tools was analyzed in the light of NIOSH concept of work organization. Data
were analyzed descriptively. Results and Conclusions: The electronic search yielded
4431 references. At the end of the selection process, 43 studies were included and 15
tools were identified to evaluate the organization of work. The tool used for the most os
the studies was the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) (49%). Considering the definition
of organization of the NIOSH study, only two tools included 50% of items of that
definition. The external context of work was neglected in studies, have been evaluated
in a single item by the tool proposed by Howard et al. Few psychometric properties
were reported in the studies reviewed. Thus, studies are needed to evaluate more
organizational aspects systematically and methodological quality to contribute to the
conceptual and operational understanding of this construct. Study 2. After identifying
these tools, analysis of its contents and considering that for a more accurate assessment
of work organization, it might be necessary to consider both the worker's perspective, as
the observer, a second study was proposed with the objective of assess the
organizational aspects of nursing staff in both perspectives. Methods: A total of 163
nurses of three sectors of the were analysed. Work organization was evaluated using
two tools, the JCQ and the checklist proposed by Howard et al. Data were analyzed
descriptively and by statistical tests (Chi-square). Results and Conclusions: There was
a significant difference between the three sectors for control (p = 0.050) and social
support (p = 0.030). The sectors had common aspects related to the general functioning
of the hospital. The different aspects related to the task performed, the content of the
work, female predominance in the sectors and the possibility of informal break. Few
items of the two instruments correlated with each other, suggesting that they
contemplate different aspects of the organization. Therefore, it is suggested that these
instruments are used in addition. These results confirm the great variety of instruments
identified in Study 1 and therefore the lack of consensus on the definition.