Provisão do Programa “Minha Casa Minha Vida” em São José do Rio Preto – SP : inserção, adequação urbana e socioeconômica de empreendimentos habitacionais
Resumo
The development of a nation is directly linked to the solution of their major
social problems. In Brazil, the housing deficit stands out among the social
problems that need solving. However, the Brazilian government has spent the
last 30 years without directing a massive investment in housing, sanitation and
transport, which in turn caused serious problems in Brazilian cities. Since 2005,
considering the emergence of solutions to this issue, it is observed by the
federal government the resumption of investments, which gave priority to some
concentrated management tools, based on the central axis of infrastructure
producing that supports economic activities. At the end of the 2000s, with the
worsening of an economic crisis of global reach, the federal government adopts
a Keynesian and anti-cyclical strategy to resume growth: investment in public
policies in housing area with the housing program called "Minha Casa, Minha
Vida" (MCMV). From the urban point of view, the measures taken by the
government originated sociospatial segregation and environmental problems,
since the state does not equated the access to housing with city distribution,
because it markedly prioritized the economic area of the PMCMV, insofar as the
focus returned to the mass production of dwelling units. This work aims to
understand the provision of the PMCMV in the city of São José do Rio Preto,
São Paulo, Brazil, by analyzing the urban integration and socio-economic and
urban appropriateness of two projects from the category 2 in the city in
question. The methodology for this work was a quantitative research following
the survey method (Babbie, 1999), besides using the qualitative research
strategies, such as the study of post-facto case (Yin, 2010). For the application
of quantitative research, 302 residents of two projects were interviewed
according to a sample calculation. Then it was used a descriptive approach to
treating the location of enterprises and public facilities. Based on the results of
survey research, there was a correlation analysis and a factor and cluster
analysis to check the interaction between the studied variables. Some
researches and analysis show that PMCMV ventures in the city of São José do
Rio Preto, São Paulo from the category 2 have problems of urban integration,
peripheral location with limited access to transportation, health and education,
as well as other issues to be addressed in this study. In conclusion, it was found
a series of actions are still needed in order to perpetuate, deepen and broaden
the access to housing from the point of view of public policies. Our reflections
lead us to realize that the right to decent and adequate housing goes beyond
distributing houses on the peripheries of cities, because it includes actions such
as land-location distribution, urbanized land, a better oversight in the country of
the regulation concerning the use and occupation of urban land.