Vetores de mudança dos usos da terra e naturalidade da área de entorno da Floresta Nacional de Três Barras (SC)
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Date
2017-10-23Author
Moraes Cavaliere, Mayra Cristina Prado de
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Anthropic activities generate impacts to the environment, among them, the biodiversity
loss is highlighted. Protected Areas have emerged as a way to protect the remaining
biodiversity, but they suffer from external pressures present mainly in their surrounding.
Therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze the effects of land use changes in
relation to naturalness that configures the scenarios of the ecological sustainability
condition of the Três Barras National Forest (Flona de TB) surrounding area among the,
years 1986, 1997, 2011, and 2016, in order to understand the cumulative impacts of the
anthropogenic activities that induced changes in the Flona’s buffer zone. We used images
from the LandSat satellite of the years 1986, 1997, 2011 and 2016 and identified the land
use cover by screen vectoring in a Geographic Information System environment. Based on
the results of the land use and cover we obtaines the transition matrices between the
intervals of the years 1986-1997; 1997-2011; 2011-2016 and 1986-2016. These procedures
were developed in ArcGIS 10.2 software. An analysis was made regarding the area and
frequency of native forest patches in each year, and the connectivity between these patches
was evaluated using the Conefor Sensinode 2.2 software. The analysis of natural condition
of the surrounding area of the Flona TB’s buffer zone was carried out using the Urbanity
Index (UI) in IDRISI software. The results of connectivity of the forest patches and
naturalness were processed statistically in software R to test the null hypothesis of
similarity. During the 30 years studied, there were oscillations between the percentage of
agricultural, urban and natural areas, evidencing that there is a tendency in the expansion of
anthropic areas and loss of native forest. Over the years, natural patches have become less
connected in the matrix. The expansion of agricultural areas is based on the driver forces
related to public policies, socioeconomics, region history and the environmental
characteristics of the Flona TB’s buffer zone. The scenarios of the natural condition
presented oscillations between the years 1986 and 2016, with loss of high naturalness areas
over the time, indicating that the buffer zone is in a gradual process of ecological
sustainability loss due to the increase of the agricultural anthropic areas and decrease of
natural areas. The understanding of the driving forces that act in the Flona TB’s buffer
zone can be an essential ally for taking measures by the decision makers that increase the
connection between the natural patches of the Flona and the buffer zone, ensuring
ecological sustainability and the ecosystem services provision.