Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental - PPGBMA-So
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8238
2024-03-19T02:29:36ZAvaliação da produção de biossurfactantes por microrganismos isolados de painéis fotovoltaicos: screening, otimização e uso de substrato alternativo
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/19583
Avaliação da produção de biossurfactantes por microrganismos isolados de painéis fotovoltaicos: screening, otimização e uso de substrato alternativo
Azevedo, Mariana Amaral
Biotechnologically, biosurfactants are used as emulsifiers and surface tension reducers in industrial, pharmaceutical and food sectors. To reduce production costs, alternative carbon sources are used, such as agro-industrial waste. The present work aimed to select microorganisms that produce biosurfactants, previously isolated from photovoltaic panels; as well as evaluating and optimizing the production of biosurfactant using soy molasses as a substrate. The molasses was characterized and subjected to pre-treatment to increase the amount of monosaccharides accessible to microorganisms. To confirm the synthesis of biosurfactant by microorganisms, the reduction in surface tension was used as a parameter, and subsequently, production was optimized using a fractional factorial design (25-1). The selected conditions were diluted soybean molasses, at a temperature of 50ºC and rotation of 200 rpm, which resulted in the highest emulsion index and the greatest reduction in surface tension. The biosurfactants produced in tests with Psychrobacter sp. and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa emulsified different hydrophobic sources - soybean oil (93.77 and 84.03%), engine oil (80.67 and 67.99%), kerosene (85.66 and 62.01%) and diesel oil (95.30 and 88.19%); in addition to reducing surface tension (34.32 and 34.27 mN.m-1), respectively for bacteria and yeast. Finally, this work aimed to select biosurfactant-producing strains and valorize biomass to produce molecules with high added value.
2024-02-21T00:00:00ZBiomassa residual frutícola: uma abordagem metagenômica da microbiota autóctone e sua utilização na produção de biossurfactantes
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/18666
Biomassa residual frutícola: uma abordagem metagenômica da microbiota autóctone e sua utilização na produção de biossurfactantes
da Silva, Gabriela Fiori
Biosurfactants are multifunctional compounds of microbial origin of industrial and
environmental interest due to their surfactant and emulsifying properties of biodegradable
nature and low toxicity. Several culture media and carbon sources are used in the production
of these compounds, as well as a wide variety of microorganisms, isolated from multiple
environments. The present work aims to promote a bioprospection in the microbiota
associated with fruit residues (orange, mango and fruit mix) in order to identify the genetic
composition of this microbiota related to the biosynthesis of biosurfactants. For this, the
residues were evaluated through a metagenomic approach, where the genetic potential of their
associated microbiota for biosurfactant biosynthesis was determined. The residues presented a
common core that includes the genera Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Stenotrophomonas,
Acinetobacter and Escherichia and similar functional profiles related to biosurfactant
biosynthesis, presenting a genetic potential mainly for lipopeptide biosynthesis, with
emphasis on genes related to the biosynthesis of putisolvins, mycosubitilin and iturin A. The
taxonomic assignments to the genes present in higher abundance in the samples were related
to the common core found. From the metagenome, 34 genomes (MAGs) were retrieved, 10 of
which were of high quality, which were evaluated for genes related to the production of
biosurfactants. MAGs showed genetic potential for the biosynthesis of biosurfactants,
especially lipopeptides, corroborating the metagenomic analysis. The MAG OB01
taxonomically identified as Brevibacillus laterosporus stood out for the number of assigned
genes. Subsequently, the microorganism isolated from mango residue, identified as
Brevibacillus borstelensis ISM04, was used in the fermentation process for the production of
biosurfactant using glycerol as a carbon source. The produced biosurfactant showed an
emulsifying activity of 67 % in kerosene and showed thermal stability up to 80 °C and at pH
range between 6 and 10, in addition, it did not show toxicity in tomato and lettuce seeds. The
compound produced was partially characterized and the analyzes suggest that it is a
lipopeptide biosurfactant.
2023-09-04T00:00:00ZMétodos alternativos e menos invasivos para o biomonitoramento ambiental: revisão sistemática e adaptação de glicosímetros portáteis para estudos com anfíbios
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/18657
Métodos alternativos e menos invasivos para o biomonitoramento ambiental: revisão sistemática e adaptação de glicosímetros portáteis para estudos com anfíbios
Oschvat Valala, Mariana Tábata
Amphibians are a group of vertebrates that have had a great decline in recent years due to the great anthropic interference in the environment, causing loss of habitat, inclusion of invasive species and the manifestation of diseases. These factors contributed to the extension of species and the decrease of different individuals. With these problems in mind, there is an increasing concern to conduct minimally invasive research, preserving the integrity and well-being of the specimens as much as possible, and providing quality research with satisfactory results. Therefore, for this master's thesis, a systematic review was carried out plus a scientometric analysis of scientific articles on alternative less invasive methods (which totaled 61 articles). In addition, an analysis was made of how portable glucometers can be adapted to studies with amphibians as a less invasive method for collecting blood glucose data as a potential biomarker indicative of stress. The systemic review revealed several areas of research in which alternative and less invasive methods have been applied in studies with amphibians, including molecular analyses, morphometric measurements, molecular analyses, and marking of individuals, imaging exams, even the reuse of carcasses of animals that were run over on roads to obtain biological certification. Despite the application of these methods, there is an urgent need for incentives for scientists to expand the adaptation of these methodologies in their studies, especially in the areas of environmental monitoring and ecotoxicology, in which the use of animal models is frequent. In the second chapter of the dissertation, the comparison between the blood glucose values between males and females of R.ictérica showed that there was no significant difference between the sexes for the values obtained through the portable glucometer (F = 1.15; p = 0.63 ), followed by the biochemical analytical method (F = 1.047; p = 0.66), indicating homogeneous glycemic values. When grouping the data of each as independent, the mean blood glucose values were similar (F = 1.050; p = 0.4819), which did not occur when dependent, showing difference in incidence (p < 0.0001; r = 0.979). Thus, it was shown that the glucometer is efficient, but tends to overestimate the glycemic levels.
2023-09-15T00:00:00ZComparative histological and anatomical biomarkers of the spleen and kidneys in amphibians: a special focus on Rhinella icterica
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/18551
Comparative histological and anatomical biomarkers of the spleen and kidneys in amphibians: a special focus on Rhinella icterica
Soares, Elisabete Teixeira Tsukada
Amphibians belong to a diverse group of ectothermic vertebrates. These animals exhibit a wide range of anatomical and physiological adaptations that allow them to thrive in various aquatic and terrestrial habitats. The spleen and kidneys are two essential organs within the amphibian body. These organs received considerable attention due to their functional significance. The spleen is a component of the lymphatic system, and it is involved in immune responses, hematopoiesis, and erythrocyte turnover. The kidneys, on the other hand, are crucial for maintaining water and electrolyte balance, as well as excretion of metabolic waste products.
Understanding the histological and anatomical characteristics of these organs in amphibians is fundamental for gaining insights into their functional capabilities and evolutionary adaptations. The aim of this masters dissertation was to perform two detailed bibliographic reviews, one of them focusing on the spleen, and the other focusing on the kidneys, in amphibians. These reviews will provide a comprehensive synthesis of the existing literature, analyzing the histological and anatomical variations observed across different species, as well as identifying the potential use of these organs as relevant sources of biomarkers for environmental monitoring studies. Here we also present the first detailed description of the histomorphology of the spleen and kidneys in a neotropical anuran species, known as Rhinella icterica. By examining this species in detail, we aim to contribute to the understanding of its physiological and histo-morphological adaptations, and their potential uses in environmental health. Ultimately, this research will contribute to the existing knowledge base on amphibian anatomy and histology, particularly regarding the spleen and kidneys. Our study may have implications for the understanding of amphibian health, disease susceptibility, and conservation efforts. Furthermore, the detailed characterization of the histomorphology of Rhinella icterica will serve as a reference for future comparative studies and may shed light on potential correlations between morphology and function.
2023-09-06T00:00:00Z