Proposta para a minimização da demanda de energia no horário de ponta por sistemas de geração fotovoltaico

Abstract

The potential shortage of natural resources, the increased demand for energy and the environmental impacts caused by the use of polluting energy sources have generated constant discussions and uncertainties about the world's energy future, thus boosting the demand for new alternatives energy. The photovoltaic generated electric energy is one with the greatest growth potential in Brazil, but one of the problems is the fact that peak hours (hours of higher energy consumption) are outside the generation period of photovoltaic (PV) systems, which depends on sunlight. With this, the load curves of each consumer, their consumption habits and the main forms used by them for water heating. In addition the types of photovoltaic generation system and the Brazilian panorama regarding the use of this type of energy were revised with the intention to combine a photovoltaic generation system and an electric water heating system by accumulation, thus displacing peak hour demand, in addition to supplying much of the daily energy demand of this consumer. Based on data provided by the energy concessionaire, the actual demand curves of each consumer were defined, then a PV generation system was designed and so a water heating system by accumulation. Then the new consumer demand curve (using FV conjugated with a water heating by accumulation system) was compared to the actual demand curve of this consumer. This achieved a reduction of up to 66% in peak demand and when extrapolated to the residential consumers of the city in which the study was carried out, could cause a peak displacement equivalent to 11% of the total energy consumed in the municipality in the year 2017.