Indicadores geoambientais para a determinação de áreas com viabilidade ecoturística no município de São João Batista do Glória, MG

Abstract

The growing demand for natural resources associated with anthropogenic activities, such as agricultural activities, livestock and expansion of urbanized areas, are the main factors that cause the degradation of the environment. Being, more and more necessary the rational use of these resources and at the same time supplying the economic necessities of the society. The activities related to ecological tourism have proved to be an excellent tool that assists in territorial planning due to the ability to reconcile the economy with landscape conservation and promote socioeconomic well-being. In this way, this work had as objective to carry out the physical and biological characterization of the municipality of São João Batista do Glória, with the intention of elaborating the Ecotourism Feasibility Chart, so that it was possible to specify the areas and their degrees of suitability in terms of tourism and recreation and the classification of landscape types. The information plans used to obtain the Ecotourism Feasibility Chart were: Elevation; Declivity; Soil Use and Coverage; Precipitation; Temperature; Geological Formations; Proximity of Water Resources and Accessibility. For each of the variables weights were assigned, grouped into four distinct classes: 4- adequate enough; 3- suitable; 2 - less suitable; 1- not suitable. This cartographic document showed that the municipality of São João Batista do Glória has a high ecotourism potential, and 87.45% of the municipality was considered to be quite adequate and adequate for tourism and recreation activities, due to geological formations , climate, relief, declivity, availability of water resources, scenic beauty and due to 46.75% of its area corresponds to the conservation unit of Serra da Canastra National Park (PNSC), where the main attractions are visited. However, these activities need to be developed based on adequate planning, in order to minimize the negative impacts that may compromise the availability and maintenance of the natural good, and the risks to life that may occur due to the absence of safety systems. The municipality has 33 tourist attractions, of which 07 have been visited. The field work, together with the ecotourism feasibility charter, allowed the classification of the landscape to be classified into three types: Natural Landscapes, Anthropic Landscapes and Cultural Landscapes. As a way of guaranteeing the preservation and conservation of the natural good, it is necessary to comply with legal provisions such as Forest Law No. 12.651, which deals mainly with the Permanent Preservation Areas, and implement the guidelines proposed in this work, which may assist public managers in better territorial planning, as well as in the formulation of municipal public policies specific to ecotourism, so that this segment develops in both the economic as well as the social and environmental axis.