O empreendedorismo e suas características comportamentais: uma análise da percepção da atitude empreendedora em teses publicadas no Brasil de 2007 a 2019

Abstract

Studies on the subject of entrepreneurship continue to be one of the great challenges of this century, even in the current scenario of high scientific and technological development. Although research points to common traits or similar characteristics in entrepreneurs, there isn’t still a clear set of these characteristics that are applicable to all entrepreneurs. Considering that entrepreneurship, although understood as a desire to build their own business, also has in its meaning the achievement of the individual, either as an employee or as an employer, the present research had as general purpose to identify the relationship between the dimensions and characteristics of the entrepreneurial attitude based on the views and perceptions of researchers in theses defended between 2007-2019 in Brazil. Specific purposes included: (i) to present the concepts of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial attitudes, (ii) to provide a historical retrospective of the development of entrepreneurship as an intellectual field, (iii) to do an overview of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial attitudes responsible for accelerating individual personal and professional growth, (iv) identifying skills that reinforce the journey of self-knowledge and training, (v) present an analysis of theses published in the period 2007-2019, whose main theme was entrepreneurship and the understanding of entrepreneurial attitudes in the understanding of researchers, in order to identify entrepreneurial attitudes, (vi) map and compare the results of the analyzes on entrepreneurial activities published in the academic sphere in the period of 2007-2019, and present trends in the theme as a field of study and possible applications. The methodology that was used was composed of: (i) a bibliographical review of the literature in order to advance the knowledge about the state of the art regarding the researched topic with approaches from administrators, sociologists, philosophers and modern and contemporary sociologists, as well as articles, dissertations, thesis, newspapers, etc. that helped in the process of understanding the relevance of entrepreneurial attitudes as an important development of entrepreneurship spirit; (ii) the selection of theses through a systematic review and construction of summary tables for a detailed investigation; (iii) an exploratory descriptive analysis of the data through the construction of a Dendrogram representative of the grouping of words with the highest incidence, the construction of word clouds to facilitate the visualization of the results and tables indicating the percentages found. The results showed that both national and international literature associate entrepreneurship with the achievement of the individual, revealing a purpose that goes beyond the need for financial profit in the concern to raise the levels of motivation, autonomy and empathy with self and society's interests. It was observed that the theses, in the perspective of their authors, present the idea that entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial attitude are merely directed towards starting a company, remaining the need to explore other concepts that may be appropriate for an entrepreneurial education. In order to increase the visibility of the problems still present in entrepreneurial education, this thesis points out suggestions that meet these needs.