O discurso midiático brasileiro sobre propostas de regulação da própria mídia de 2010 a 2016

Abstract

This thesis discusses, describes, and analyzes the manifestation of meaning regarding media regulation, the regulation discourse’s conditions of emergence, and the discursive formations in conflict when addressed by these medias’ written texts, from January 2010 to December 2016. Our base is the French discourse analysis from Michel Foucault (2006; 2009; 2010) and Michel Pêcheux (2008; 2009b). In general, the media texts which addressed the possibility of their own regulation created “commentaries” (FOUCAULT, 2006) about the subject and the politicians who discussed the possibility (or not) of talking about it, multiplying the meaning of statements such as controle social da mídia, regulação da mídia, democratização da mídia and regulação econômica da mídia. These discourses addressed what is conceived as freedom of speech; moreover, they were related to intense changes in terms of politics, society and, mainly, technology. Considering two presidential elections (2010 and 2014), as well as transformations in the political scene with the irruption of Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff’s impeachment (2016) and Jair Bolsonaro’s election (2018), the theoretical-methodological basis and the analysis of media’s texts allowed us to describe discursive regularities and, therefore, outline elements of a short-term history about the right to speak freely in Brazil in the 21st century. We observed this occurred in different processes of attribution of the right to speak, related to the following events: i) the maintenance of the rights of speech, historically attributed to oligarchies, in which the possibility of emergence of the media regulation discussion in the electoral presidential political discourse was often related to the conservative media’s interpretation; ii) resistance movements to this hegemony in the progressive media, generating dissidence about what could have been the media regulation; iii) the silencing of this discussion with Michel Temer’s arrival (2016) at the presidency, as well as transformations in the production of meaning, especially about the limits of freedom of speech with Jair Bolsonaro’s (2018) election. To this end, we analyzed surfaces of emergence of Brazilian’s media written discourse, with the following distinct characteristics: i) media known as conservative, with broad distribution: the newspapers Folha de São Paulo and O Globo, as well as Veja magazine; ii) media considered as progressive: the newspaper Carta Capital, and the electronic portal Carta Maior. The objective was therefore to demonstrate the conditions of emergence of Brazilian media’s discourse about its own regulation, through the verification of the discursive-enunciative modalities in conflict in the written media, from January 2010 to December 2016. Specific objectives were also developed, which addressed the nature (defended positions, textual genres, types of media) of these circulations, and the degree of use of certain linguistic-discursive resources. The analysis related the effects of meaning generated to the mechanisms that were utilized, the regularities presented considering the textual genres (news, opinion articles, and editorials) and their means of circulation (journals, magazines, digital portals etc.).