Tradução e aplicabilidade das guias de práticas recomendadas para famílias e profissionais na intervenção precoce

Abstract

In Brazil, there is a lack of theoretical basis to defend the use of the term Early Intervention, which still retains a practice based on rehabilitation actions. Internationally, the main goals of the interventions focus on promoting the active participation of families by strengthening them and building a support network. The practices developed by Dunst in the Family Centered Capacity Building Model are individualized with the purpose of promoting families' abilities to mobilize the resources needed for the competent care of their children. The ECTA Center is a program of the FPG Child Development Institute at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States, a national technical assistance center focused on building the capacity of state and local systems to improve outcomes in developing high-quality early intervention and preschool special education service systems by increasing local implementation of evidence-based practices and improving outcomes for young children with disabilities and their families. As one of the materials produced by the ECTA Center and made available on its website is a set of checklists, which are checklists of evidence-based practices developed to guide professionals and families on the most effective ways to improve learning outcomes and promote the development of children under 5 who have or are at risk for developmental delays or disabilities. Therefore, the aim of this study is to translate from Spanish to Brazilian Portuguese a block of these checklists, referring to "family" and to analyze a pilot application of it in an early intervention setting in the municipality of São Carlos, São Paulo. Participants in this research were undergraduate students in occupational therapy working in an extension project with the theme of early intervention, and attending, under the supervision of the project coordinator, families of children between zero and five years of age with risk, retardation in neuropsychomotor development or disabilities, with demand for early intervention, in the city of São Carlos. The findings identified that professionals working in the area of Early Intervention, in general, apply the approach of family-centered practices in decision-making that encompasses opinions, suggestions, demands, customs and complaints from the family to complete an intervention plan. It is concluded that family-centered practices are of fundamental importance for the child's development and it is necessary that these are implemented and applied by all professionals in the area to achieve better results. For this use to be effective, continued training of these professionals in Early Intervention and Family-Centered Practices is necessary. Therefore, it is also understood the power of joint partnerships of such professionals with families and with the entire network present in the child's life such as parents, teachers and other professionals such as occupational therapists, physiotherapists, speech therapists, psychologists so that the implementation can be complement and become effective.