Explorando o teorema de Pitágoras: uma análise crítica de materiais didáticos e uma proposta de ensino utilizando-se dobradura.

Abstract

Geometry is a branch of mathematics that is of fundamental importance for the intellectual formation of students. The main objective of this research was to propose a lesson plan for teaching the Pythagorean Theorem through folding. The secondary objectives were to carry out a critical analysis of the Geometry approach, especially the Pythagorean Theorem, in the didactic materials of the Government of the State of São Paulo. In addition, I carried out an analysis on the approach of the Pythagorean Theorem and folding in the materials proposed by the Brazilian Mathematical Olympiad (OBMEP). Based on these two materials, I proposed a teaching plan, concerned with the use of playful methodology and folding. It is known that the Pythagorean Theorem is present in several subjects of Mathematics as in questions of the Brazilian entrance exams and, therefore, we must provide the significant teaching of this subject to make the journey of the students more relevant. Therefore, the main commitment of this work also becomes the responsibility for the mathematics education of our students, creating possibilities for them to be protagonists in the construction of their knowledge. This work was an analysis and theoretical proposal, not being applied in a school environment, therefore, the results collected are merely of a technical and analytical nature. It can be concluded that the OBMEP materials present contents demonstrating the importance of mathematical formalism, in addition to proposing playful attitudes to work with students. The materials from the State of São Paulo present a significant number of exercises, however, there is no suggestion of recreational activities. The OBMEP materials served as inspiration for the preparation of teaching plans.