Caracterização e diagnóstico ambiental das zonas de amortecimento de áreas naturais legalmente protegidas. Estudo de caso: Estação Ecológica de São Carlos e Estação Ecológica de Itirapina

Abstract

The analysis of the economic development activities in the buffer zone of legally protected natural areas contribute to the identification of elements that answer about the functionality, the contradictions and the limits of the landscape human activities, and ultimately, reflect about the interrelationship between society and environment. In this context this work was developed with the objective to characterize the physical structure of the landscape, the natural potential and the predisposition to the environmental risks associated to the human activities in the buffer zones of the Ecological Stations of São Carlos and of Itirapina, state of São Paulo. To understanding the dynamics of the human activities in the buffer zones of the Ecological Stations of São Carlos and of Itirapina and for targeting ecological areas that provide goods and services to the society, in the perspective of subsidizing yours management plans and conservation, this study proposed a landscape structure digital database at scales of observations that meet various mapping criteria (geomorphology, pedology, hydrography, road net, settlements). The monitoring land use for characterizing anthropogenic and natural surfaces of the buffer zone it was elaborated for the years of 1990, 2000 and 2009, based on the use of the Geographical Information Systems and image TM/Landsat-5. The dynamics of the land use pattern in the study period should reflect the result of the human activities in the buffer zone and of the compromising environmental functions carried out by legally protected natural areas.