Estudantes negros ingressantes na universidade por meio de reserva de vagas : um estudo sobre processos educativos de construção de identidade negra e pertencimento étnico-racial no ensino superior

Abstract

The aims of the present research are to identify the educative process from the university life that helps or damages the construction and the strengthening of the black identity and their African roots, with black students who joined the university by means of the reserved places under the Affirmative Action Program of the São Carlos Federal University. (UFSCar) and to point suggestions that contribute with the Affirmative Action Program on the search of strategies to combat the racism. The research was guided by the following question: Which educational processes, in the university life, do contribute for the construction and strengthening of the black identity and the ethnic-racial, of black students who joined by means of the reserved places? The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with three students that declared to be black, two women and a man from the Pedagogy, Chemical Engineering and Social Sciences courses, who were willing to participate. The data analysis, grounded on the Phenomenology principles, was made by descriptive form. The results showed that the educational processes of construction of the black identity and the ethnicracial belonging begins much before entering the university, with experiences occurred in the family, at school and at the participating in the entities of the Black Movement. In the university life, the educational processes that contribute to the construction and strengthening of the black identity and the ethnic-racial belonging are, in the present study, notedly, the political choice of self-declare black, that allow than to sign up at the university admission processes by means of reserved places; the existence of an affirmative action program that recognize their inequality conditions; the possibility of attend classes about the education of the ethnic-racial relationships and the participation in research groups about the thematic of the education of the ethnic-racial relationships; the living together with black students, veterans or not. The data also showed that the educational processes, in the university life, which damage the construction and the strengthening of the black identity and the ethnicracial belonging are related to curriculum centered on Europe and the relation with teachers and other students, which keeps placements and discriminatory attitudes. Thus, the results point to the need of changes in the curriculum and the permanent dissemination of the purposes and strategies of an affirmative action program with teachers and administrative staff.