O trabalho pedagógico no ensino de espanhol para alunos com deficiência visual: um estudo na perspectiva histórico-cultural

Abstract

ABSTRACT The pedagogical work on courses specifically designed for special education is a very important subject on the current Brazilian educational scenario, in which students with disabilities are reaching high school. Thus, the present study had as general objective to understand how the teaching-learning process of Spanish as a foreign language occurs with visually impaired students, using the Historical-Cultural approach and Historical-Critical Pedagogy. The specific objectives were established as follows: i) to organize the pedagogical work with the visually impaired student in order to provide him the access to the knowledge on the foreign language; ii) to think about the role of interaction between the teacher and the visually impaired student on the teaching-learning process of Spanish as a foreign language. In order to attain the objectives proposed in this study was elected the action-research method to collect data, using as a tool the filming of Spanish language classes with visually impaired students. The methodology of data analysis was the microgenetic analysis. At the start of this study, six students took part of it, and, in its end, four students remained. This group consisted on three visually impaired students and one with low vision. We emphasize here the importance of working together with the teacher, with the purpose of evaluating and promoting the thinking of his role as a mediator for the students, so they can have a meaningful and effective learning. The results showed that the interaction was a striking element during the course, as much as the affectivity and symbolic mediation. This notion seemed indispensable so that the visually impaired student gets access and appropriates the knowledge on the foreign language, besides the printed materials in Braille or enlarged. Audio resource also showed itself as effective. Therefore, in the context of this research, there was no necessity of adapted materials that would reinforce the remaining senses of the student with this kind of disability, but the constant interaction and the symbolic mediation and Vygotsky s notion of Zone of Proximal Development, that helped the understanding of the students development, and then on the execution of a planned and intentional practice, in accordance to Historical-Critical Pedagogy.