Ensino de Geografia para alunos com cegueira no ensino fundamental: contribuições da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica

Abstract

The demand for specialized educational assistance and for adapted resources in regular schools, especially after the Constitution of 1988 and the Law for Guidelines and Basis for National Education, 1996, dictates challenges for teachers in terms of equivalent teaching and learning opportunities for students with or without disabilities, in a way that the same content is assured to be learned by both. Thereunto, some conditions are necessary and in their absence challenges appear for the offer of good quality teaching. The goal of this research was to analyze the a pedagogical intervention on geography contents teaching in a classroom, of grade 5 of Primary School, in which there is a blind student enrolled in the municipal school of Salto-SP. The methodological procedures were: interview, questionnaire, observation, field notes and pedagogical intervention. The data analysis was based on the theoretical reference of Historical-Critical Pedagogy and its substance. In the research many challenges were identified for the teaching and learning of blind students, which are: the deficit of adapted educational material and the lack of continuous education of the teacher and the teacher assistant. As a conclusion, we point that the adapted educational material isn't enough for geography teaching of blind students. Some conditions as the teachers' education and work condition must be considered. Besides that, in order to the learning of blind students to happen it is necessary to give them the opportunity of social interaction and the teacher's pedagogical mediation. The delegation of pedagogical functions to the teacher assistant or the caregiver, with no pedagogical education, establishes a disadvantage of appropriation of knowledge between the disabled student and the others. Briefly, the teacher is the main responsible for the learning of the student, disabled or not, and this requires the conditions above mentioned. As a final result, it was verified that the blind student learned the contents which were taught during the pedagogical intervention.