O consumo de drogas na escola : elaboração e avaliação de um treinamento para professores a partir de suas atitudes em relação à problemática

Abstract

Official national studies show that, in Brazil the experimental consumption of alcohol occurs between 10 and 12 years of age, something worrisome, because the earlier, the greater the risk of developing abuse and/or addiction. As for illicit drugs, the more consumed by teenagers are inhalants, marijuana, anti-anxiety drugs, cocaine and amphetamines, respectively. Highlights that, in this phase of life, the brain is also in training and the use of drugs can interfere in this process, with important consequences such as damage in memory, concentration and development of skills. Furthermore, under its effect, teens are likely to engage in violence as fights and traffic accidents and sexual risk behaviors, exposing yourself to sexually transmitted diseases and early pregnancy. In this way, it is essential that professionals who have great contact with these young people as teachers, for example, are trained to deal with this situation, helping them to reflect on the problem of the use of psychoactive substances (SPA) in the context of adolescence. That said, this study presents the process of elaboration and evaluation of a training program for the training of high school teachers in relation to the problem of drugs in the context of adolescence and the need to implement prevention within schools. Sought to mobilize teachers to reflect on the importance of their role and attitudes in front of a multifaceted issue which requires a systematic work, which promotes dialogue, reflection and integration of knowledge and practice. The survey was conducted in two stages, the first being on a descriptive and exploratory study and the second to the construction of a proposed training for teachers and its evaluation by specialists. Step 1 appears as an analysis of the attitudes of teachers of high school before the approach of using SPA, in its context. Step 2 already features the proposition of an educational intervention, in this case, training and evaluation of its contents. Results and discussions of the work were presented in the form of articles, in line with steps 1 and 2 of the method. The study concluded that the school territory must be understood as educational processes and generator space articulator of public health policies, in this case involving the problem of use of SPA, directed to adolescents and young people. To ensure that such actions are effectively implemented, however, there is a need to overcome stigmas and prejudices on the subject within the school environment, in addition to greater involvement and investment of managing authorities in the process of preparation of the teaching staff, mainly through education. In this sense, the implementation of a targeted training to teachers of high school seems to be a plausible strategy to start this reflective process, since this training proposal is based on communion between theory and reality, the singular and the General, in a dialectical and critical movement that seeks a significant training and also the possibility of constructing an area of transformation and emancipation.