A interdisciplinaridade como tecnologia de ação comunicativa: uma análise hermenêutico-dialética

Abstract

We start from the perception that there is a crisis at the scientific level - by the resistance to remodeling the paradigm of Modern Science in the face of complex contemporary reality - and at the socio-environmental level - by maintaining a state of production and consumption that is incongruent with the limitations of resources of the planet. From this understanding, it was argued that a solution perspective would be to find efficient communication possibilities between a General Epistemology - resulting from socio-cultural interaction at individual, national and global level - and a Regional Epistemology - resulting from the interaction of forces between Social Agents belonging to Systemic Social Spaces. In the perspective of this work, a possibility would be established through Interdisciplinarity as a technology of mediation between such epistemes. In this context, our objective was to understand the space of epistemological construction of science in a contemporary global context and the relation of Interdisciplinarity to this process, identifying characteristics of the concept in the midst of its uses as technology, efficient component of the process of communicational action between theoretical enunciative systems (World of Systems) and the general context of enunciation (World of Life). The concepts used as a basis for evaluation of these interactions were the concepts of Communicative Action, Public Sphere, Rationality, and Pretension of Validity - developed by Jurgen Habermas, as well as definitions about the concept of Interdisciplinarity. The research was divided in two stages: Stage 1, establishment of the state of the art of the concept of Interdisciplinarity and its relations with the concept of Epistemology, and exploration of these relations in historical, sociological and philosophical level through concepts belonging to Science, Technology and Society; and, Stage 2, study of theoretical scientific systems expressed in statements recorded in theoretical-reflexive texts subdivided into documentary corpora characterized in this stage as: Corpus 1) texts produced in the period of 1972, belonging to a report of a Congress on Interdisciplinarity (carried out in 1970); Corpus 2) texts produced from 1976-2011 by theorists who approached the conceptual meaning of the terms Interdisciplinarity and Interdisplinary. The methods by which the documentary materials were approached were: in Step 1, Literature Review; and, Step 2, Hermeneutic-Dialectic Analysis Method, having as auxiliary instrument the PMEST, an instrument of categorization of assemblages developed by the Indian Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan. From the obtained results one could point out: identification of the mismatch between a current epistemological reality and the notion of employment of modern science; identification of Interdisciplinarity as an effective Communicative Action technology; identification of argumentative appropriation of statements about the concept of Interdisciplinarity and Interdisciplinary in the order of instrumental and normative communicative actions; and, innovation of the Hermeneutic-dialectical method of analysis through the addition of the PMEST instrument.