Obtenção de inseticidas e fungicidas a partir de Picramnia Glazioviana e bagaço de laranjas para o controle de formigas cortadeiras

Abstract

Because our country has a continental dimension and a very suitable climate for practicing numerous varieties of crops, it is necessary to obtain adequate control of the pests that afflict food production. One of the main agricultural pests is insects, especially leaf-cutting ants, which greatly reduce productivity and thus compete with man for food. Thus, this work describes the study of the methanolic extracts of the branches and dichloromethane of leaves of Picramnia glazioviana, whose main objective is to control the activity of leaf cutting ants in order to reduce their action as agricultural pest. HPLC-DAD, CPC-DAD, NMR-1D and 2D, UPLC-HRMS techniques were used for the separation and characterization of the compounds. In addition, tests of insecticidal activities were carried out against cutter ants of the Atta and Acromyrmex species and inhibition tests against the symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus. The results demonstrate insecticidal and fungicidal activities of the crude extracts studied, as well as the identification of chemical substances already reported in the genus, such as the anthraquinones Aloe-emodin and Chrysophanol, which have already shown insecticidal activity in the research group. In addition, a work with Citrus, more specifically orange bagasse, was carried out, where metallic complexes were generated with chemical metabolites present in the medium and insecticidal and fungicidal activities were tested. As results, there was the proposal of characterization of the complexes mainly through analysis in the UPLC-HRMS, in addition, the complexes of metal 2 presented insecticidal action on ants and inhibition in their symbiont fungus. Thus, the application of a separation approach (CPC) in Brazil for complex extracts, aided by the response of prominent biological activities, generated the possibility of future applications of the results, as well as opportunities for new work in the research group. In addition, the complexation of substances of interest from complex extracts in metals, led to the writing of a patent with the results obtained, thus contributing to innovative approaches in the Chemistry of Natural Products.