Margens de comercialização do etanol hidratado no estado de São Paulo

Abstract

Brazil is a huge producer of sugar cane and is the source of raw materials for the mills to produce ethanol, a fuel of economic, social and environmental importance. According to the IEA, Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugar cane and, in the 2020/21 harvest, was responsible for the production of 654.5 million tons destined for the production of 41.2 million tons of sugar and 29.7 billion liters of ethanol. The state of São Paulo, which production in the country, accounted for 54.1% of the quantity produced in the 2020/21 harvest, and was responsible for producing 48.4% of ethanol (14.3 billion liters) and 63.2% of sugar (26.0 million tons). Within ethanol production, we have hydrous and anhydrous ethanol. Hydrated ethanol is "ordinary" ethanol, found in petrol stations to fuel vehicles and consists of between 95.1% and 96% ethanol and the rest water. Anhydrous ethanol, on the other hand its industrial use, is used in gasoline blends. There is a law that authorizes the mixing of a range of 18% to 27% anhydrous ethanol in gasoline. Ethanol, which is widely commercialized, given its importance, travels a long way to reach the consumer through gas stations. This is known as the marketing chain. (mill), wholesale (distributor) and retail (gas station).And at each link in this chain, a price is charged and there are marketing margins between them. With this in mind historical price surveys of each link in the chain were analyzed and the marketing margin between them was calculated margin between them. As a result, we found that in most years the margins only in the last few years analyzed, 2021 and 2022, we were able to see margins between the links that were out of line with each other.