Ecologia trófica da comunidade de peixes do reservatório do Lobo (Broa), Brotas-Itirapina/SP, com ênfase à introdução recente da espécie alóctone Cichla kelberi (Perciformes, Cichlidae)

Abstract

The introduction of predatory species has carrying deep modifications on the original fish wildlife structure at aquatic environments. The feeding spectrum characterization of fish community from Lobo Reservoir (Broa), beside providing information about the species biology and establishing trophic guilds, made possible the follow-up of trophic alterations due the dam constructions and species introduction, beyond to propose ways of mitigation or management in order to sustain the environment fishery production. The Alimentary Index was used to see the features of the species feeding habits, and to verify if competition exists among the species, was used the Overlap and Similarity Index among the diets. A total of 23 species were collected and distributed in five trophic guilds. Three species present omnivorous diet, six species had shown insectivorous diet and present the major number of individuals, and the piscivorousinsetivorous guild presented two species. The piscivorous are represented by Hoplias malabaricus and Cichla kelberi. Cyphocarax modestus is real iliophagus, but his diet is quite similar to the Hypostomus ancistroides, detritivorous, and to the omnivorousdetritivorous Geophagus brasiliensis, Oreochromis niloticus and Phalloceros caudimaculatus. Poecilia reticulata presented a detritivorous diet, but with large participation of insects, and the diet of Serrapinnus heterodon is described as phytoplancktophagus. In the general community analisys was observed that peacook bass do not present overlap related to any specie, but his ascendancy on the community is shown through the restriction on the distribution of P. caudimaculatus and Corydoras aeneus and abstence of Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus and Cetopsorhamdia iheringi. It was observed yet a decrease of relative occurrence of G. brasiliensis e H. malabaricus and an increase of C. kelberi and Astyanax altiparanae, related to previous researches. Therefore, we are dealing with an environment disturbed by the establishing of peacook bass, despite his recently introduction, being indispensable the follow-up and management in order to dimishing the impacts already showed