Tendências altitudinais na diversidade de Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea) com ênfase na subfamília Pimplinae em área de Mata Atlântica da Serra do Japi, Jundiaí, SP.

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the diversity of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea), with emphasis on the subfamily Pimplinae at three different altitudes in the Serra do Japi Biological Reserve, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil. The samples were collected using malaise traps installed at altitudes of 896 m (A1), 1,082 m (A2) and 1,190 m (A3) in a period of one year (October 2015 to October 2016). A total of 4,196 specimens of Ichneumonidae were collected from 18 subfamilies. Cryptinae, Pimplinae, Campopleginae, Ichneumoninae and Orthocentrinae were the most abundant subfamilies. The highest altitude site (3) showed greater abundance with 1,625 individuals (38.73%); in the other two collection points (A1 and A2) presented greater wealth (18 subfamilies). The subfamilies with cenobiont habits (11) were the most abundant (56.12%). The highest diversity and equitability indexes were found at the lowest altitude; the highest quantitative similarity occurred between the lowest and highest altitudes; the highest qualitative similarity was found between the lowest and intermediate altitude sites. The 745 specimens of Pimplinae were identified in 18 genera and 91 morphospecies. Males accounted for 50.6% and females accounted for 49.4%. The most frequent specimens were of the genus Pimpla (54.23%) and Neotheronia (16.37%). P. caerulea Brullé, 1846 was the most frequent species (43.62%). For Pimplinae, idiobionts were more frequent (530) attributed to 3 genera. The abundance was higher in the lower altitude site, with 293 specimens collected; the highest richness in the highest altitude site, with 56 morphospecies. Higher values of diversity and equitability index for Pimplinae were found at intermediate altitude, and the lowest and highest altitude sites were similar quantitatively; and the intermediate and high altitudes qualitatively. At different times of the year, the highest abundance values of Ichneumonidae and Pimplinae were recorded in hot and rainy periods. A new species was found for the genus Acrothapus and two for the genus Polysphincta. The Serra do Japi is home to important fauna of Ichneumonidae and Pimplinae, which makes it necessary to increase knowledge in this region.