Repositório UFSCar

O Repositório Institucional da UFSCar (RI UFSCar) é um sistema de informação que visa armazenar, preservar, organizar e disseminar amplamente a produção intelectual dos diversos setores e segmentos da comunidade da UFSCar, provendo o acesso aberto à informação produzida na instituição e registrada como científica, tecnológica, didática, artístico-cultural e técnico-administrativa.

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Tratamentos combinados para resíduos de 2,4-d, picloram e aminopiralide como alternativa para evitar incinerações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-06) Falcão, Thiago Vinicius Porcel; Silva, Edson Luiz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9720274214573371; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3194-4912; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9857184404356864
Agriculture is essential for the global food supply, and its productivity increased with the Green Revolution, which enabled the use of agricultural pesticides. Brazil is one of the world's largest grain producers and exporters; in the 2024/2025 crop season, the country achieved a record production of approximately 350,206 thousand tonnes. This growth is driven by intensive cultivation, which helps protect native areas; however, such high productivity creates a strong reliance on agrochemicals. Brazil has become the world's largest consumer of these substances, using 800,652 tonnes. Maintaining the production chain generates effluents that can impact the environment; these effluents contain active ingredients such as 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), Picloram, and Aminopyralid. Currently, the treatment of these liquid wastes—originating from batch formulation processes and equipment decontamination—relies in some cases on incineration. Although incineration breaks down the chemical stability of aromatic rings, it has disadvantages, such as high operating costs and greenhouse gas emissions. This undergraduate project sought to identify a technical alternative to incineration for treating liquid wastes containing the herbicides 2,4-D, Picloram, and Aminopyralid at an industrial facility in the state of São Paulo. The research was qualitative and descriptive, conducted through a case study. Based on an analysis of the active ingredients' physicochemical properties and the mechanisms of alternative processes, an integrated treatment route was identified. The proposal involved the sequential application of a Membrane Separation Process (MSP) to concentrate the effluent, followed by Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) to break down the aromatic ring structures and convert them into biodegradable linear intermediates; the treatment concluded with a biological (microbiological) process to metabolize the compounds, followed by the polishing of remaining traces via adsorption.
Grafos eulerianos e identidades polinomiais sobre a álgebra das matrizes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-29) Cruz, Bruno Machado da; Talpo, Humberto Luiz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1674689444257254; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4842787673699774; Fagundes , Pedro Souza; Melo, Thiago de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3700587815257392; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5724570400815163
In this work, we present applications of Graph Theory to the study of polynomial identities for the matrix algebra $M_n(K)$. Initially, we establish the fundamental concepts of PI-theory and Graph Theory, emphasizing the definition of Eulerian graphs. We analyze the Amitsur-Levitzki Theorem in detail through the proof proposed by Richard Swan [11], which utilizes the counting of Eulerian paths in directed graphs to simplify the algebraic problem. Subsequently, based on the work of Szigeti, Tuza, and Révész [13], we explore how specific graph constructions allow for the formalization of the conditions for the existence of these identities. Finally, we highlight that understanding this technique not only simplifies classical results but also establishes itself as a powerful tool for discovering new identities in PI-algebras.
Modelagem da permanência no mercado de trabalho formal no estado de São Paulo: uma análise de sobrevivência com dados da RAIS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-19) Chun, Renan Silva; Suzuki, Adriano Kamimura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4579497412852854; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4541667623576581; Suzuki, Adriano Kamimura; Caetano, Sabrina Luzia; Vigas, Valdemiro Piedade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4579497412852854; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2340330162391128; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0661688648741476
This dissertation investigates the duration of formal employment in the state of São Paulo through survival analysis techniques applied to microdata from the Annual Social Information Report (RAIS). The event of interest was defined as the termination of the employment relationship, while employment ties that remained active at the end of the follow-up period were treated as right-censored observations. The empirical strategy combined descriptive analysis, nonparametric estimation using Kaplan Meier curves with correction for delayed entry (left truncation) and survival modeling through semiparametric (Cox) and parametric approaches, complemented by residual analysis and influence measures to assess the quality of fit. The results reveal substantial heterogeneity in the risk of employment termination according to individual characteristics, establishment attributes, and economic sector. The Cox model clearly described the effect of covariates on the termination risk, while, among the parametric models, the log-normal distribution provided a good overall fit to employment duration and was adopted as the parametric benchmark of the study; its regression extension (an accelerated failure time model), which does not rely on the proportional-hazards assumption, recovered the same ordering of effects as the Cox model, reinforcing the robustness of the findings. It is concluded that survival analysis proved to be an effective and robust framework for studying the dynamics of retention and turnover in the formal labor market, producing a detailed and coherent portrait of employment duration and contributing to more precise diagnoses and to the design of evidence-based public policies. The methodological caveats identified delimit the scope of the results without compromising the consistently observed patterns. As possible extensions of this research, particular emphasis is placed on the explicit treatment of non-proportional hazards, the refinement of parameter specification, and the development of an analysis based on identified RAIS data in a secure research environment, which would allow the follow-up window of the employment relationships to be extended.
A prática como contexto para o conhecimento especializado do professor de Matemática na Olimpíada Brasileira de Foguetes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-04-02) Gagliardi, Luis Guilherme Inglese; Oliveira, Paulo Cesar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2761716863143782; Peixoto, Magda da Silva; Santos, Cícero Inácio dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0413910306376054; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7237845853370358
This research project aims to analyze, in light of the Mathematics Teachers’ Specialized Knowledge (MTSK) model, which subdomains of the specialized knowledge of mathematics teachers are mobilized and coordinated during practical teaching activities involving the design and construction of a universal launch base for PET bottle rockets, for levels 1 to 4 of the Brazilian Rocket Olympiad (OBAFOG).The investigation is grounded in the researcher’s own teaching experience, who, over nearly a decade working in two private schools in the region of Sorocaba, has developed activities with elementary and secondary school students using the OBAFOG theme as an active learning methodology strategy. Adopting a qualitative approach and a theoretical-reflective nature, the research uses autoethnography as its methodological framework, considering professional practice as a legitimate field for knowledge production. The analysis will be guided by the subdomains of the MTSK model (KoT, KMT, and KFLM) and will also seek to identify teaching and formative skills that go beyond the scope of the model, such as transdisciplinarity, collaborative work, and technical problem-solving. As a result, an educational product will be developed, consisting of a structured lesson proposal for Basic Education teachers, including methodological guidelines and materials necessary for the implementation of the activity. This research aims to contribute to the recognition of teaching experience as a source of reflection and to deepen the understanding of the professional knowledge of mathematics teachers in investigative and meaningful contexts.
Ecologia espacial como ferramenta para compreender os potenciais impactos de cães domésticos em uma unidade de conservação do Cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-04-15) Gonçalves, Beatriz Garcia; Lima, Caio Filipe da Motta; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5833399072087947; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5148317135041568; Beisiegel, Beatriz de Mello; Dénes, Francisco Voeroes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8143797535693714; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5139370160420533
The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is an invasive species of global significance, posing a potential threat to native wildlife and biodiversity. Introduced to virtually every region of the planet, dogs—when poorly managed—can cause serious disturbances to wildlife and ecological imbalances, especially stray dogs or those raised to roam freely. These impacts include predation, transmission of infectious diseases, harassment, competition for resources and territory, hybridization with native canids, and predation on livestock. In this context, understanding the spatial behavior of these animals is essential for assessing their potential ecological impacts. This study investigated the spatial patterns of semi-domesticated dogs in the vicinity of the Serra de Caldas Novas State Park (PESCaN—GO), as well as their potential to invade the conservation area.The dogs were classified into two groups based on their origin: rural and peri-urban. A total of 36 individuals (15 females and 21 males) were monitored using GPS collars programmed to record coordinates every 10 minutes for 21 to 28 days (June through December 2024). Analyses were performed using R software, including estimates of home range and foray range (areas of movement beyond the dogs’ homes) via Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), using 95% and 50% isopleths. The average foray range was 165.20 hectares (ha). On average, the dogs spent 57.25% of their time at their homes, 37.36% on forays, and 5.12% visiting neighboring homes. During these forays, the dogs traveled an average of 83.52 m from their homes, reaching a maximum distance of 10.85 km. Dogs in rural areas had an average foray range of 262.55 ha (1.62–2,602.22 ha), values 8.27 times greater than those observed for dogs in peri-urban areas, whose average foray range was 11.47 ha (0.58–41.09 ha). Rural dogs undertook more extensive forays, with routes 44% longer than those of peri-urban dogs, although they spent a smaller proportion of their time on these forays. Large dogs also exhibited larger foray ranges and longer movements than small and medium-sized dogs. It was observed that 25% of the monitored dogs entered the interior of the park, representing a potential threat to the Cerrado’s wildlife. Considering the total area of PESCaN (approximately 12,000 ha), estimates based on kernel density indicated that 45.22% of the park’s area (5,500 ha) is frequently used by dogs, while 13.14% (1,613 ha) is intensively used. The results highlight striking differences between the spatial behaviors of dogs in rural and peri-urban areas, indicating the need for distinct management strategies for each group. While peri-urban areas have a higher density of dogs, dogs in rural areas explore significantly larger areas, potentially exerting greater pressure on wildlife. Thus, this study provides relevant information on the spatial use patterns of semi-domesticated dogs in the region, contributing to the development of management strategies aimed at mitigating impacts on biodiversity and promoting conservation in Cerrado protected areas.