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    Entre ciclos: uma narrativa crítico-reflexiva sobre a formação médica
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-10-30)
    Ferro, Leonardo Furlan
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    Nasser, Michel
    ;
    http://lattes.cnpq.br/1629054550833348
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3087-9784
    ;
    http://lattes.cnpq.br/2890612052207352
    This undergraduate thesis is foreseen in the Pedagogical Project of the Medicine course at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) and consists of a critical-reflexive narrative built from the experience of a student throughout the six years of graduation, between 2021 and 2026. The text goes through the three cycles that compose the course's curricular structure — the basic cycle, the clinical cycle and the internship — relating them to the author's personal experiences: entering university amid the COVID-19 pandemic, adapting to the problem-based learning method, moving to a new city and living alone for the first time, involvement in academic leagues and in the university's sports association, experiences in primary care and home care, and the growing interest in the surgical field over the course of the internship. Throughout the narrative, particular emphasis is given to reencountering a patient followed early in the course, during a home-visit activity, and seen again years later in the surgical center — an episode that illustrates, in practice, the concept of longitudinality of care. The work also addresses the author's experience as an undergraduate research student in the field of cardiology, in the final year of the course, under the supervision of Profa. Dra. Meliza Goi Roscani, along with the challenges of balancing internship duties, residency-exam preparation and the writing of this thesis. It is concluded that the sum of these experiences — academic, clinical and extracurricular — was decisive in shaping a more confident, more communicative professional, more aware of comprehensive patient care.
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    Influência do padrão e do percentual de preenchimento nas propriedades de cerâmicas de alumina e zircônia processadas por Fabricação por Filamento Fundido (FFF)
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-10)
    Andrade, Thales Filipe Silveira de
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    Camargo, Italo Leite de
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    Morais, Mateus Mota
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    Fortulan, Carlos Alberto
    ;
    da Luz, Ana Paula
    A manufatura aditiva tem se destacado como alternativa economicamente vantajosa para a produção de cerâmicas, especialmente em pequenas séries e peças personalizadas. Entre as técnicas disponíveis, a Fabricação por Filamento Fundido (FFF) apresenta facilidade de uso e elevada versatilidade. No entanto, parâmetros de impressão, como padrão e percentual de preenchimento, influenciam diretamente as propriedades finais das peças. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o efeito do padrão de preenchimento (retilíneo, concêntrico e giróide) e do percentual (95% e 100%) nas propriedades físico-mecânicas de cerâmicas de alumina e zircônia. As amostras foram impressas, submetidas a debinding químico e térmico e sinterizadas a 1400 °C e 1600 °C. Após a impressão, observou-se baixa porosidade aparente (0,36–2,43%) e boa precisão dimensional. Após sinterização, as peças apresentaram retração de até 22,5%, densidade relativa entre 75,1% e 99,5% e resistência máxima de 629 MPa. Os resultados indicam forte influência dos parâmetros de preenchimento, com melhor desempenho para 95% de densidade de preenchimento nos padrões retilíneo e concêntrico.
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    Efeitos da estimulação encefálica profunda do estriado e do núcleo subtalâmico sobre o desempenho de ratos em tarefas de flexibilidade comportamental
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-09-11)
    Waku, Isabelle
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    de Oliveira, Amanda Ribeiro
    ;
    http://lattes.cnpq.br/4993675879410961
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8457-7338
    ;
    http://lattes.cnpq.br/0851895403197213
    Behavioral flexibility, the ability to modify behavior in response to changes in environmental contingencies, may be impaired in conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression. In refractory cases, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS) and of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been used as a therapeutic alternative, but its effects on flexibility and the neural circuits involved remain poorly understood. Given that flexibility involves distinct processes, this work investigated whether the effects of DBS generalize across different forms of adaptation or depend on the stimulated target and on behavioral demands. First, two systematic reviews identified patterns and gaps in the preclinical literature on striatal (73 studies) and STN (29 studies) neuromodulation in rodents, indicating that the effects depend on the target, the animal model, the task, and the parameters used, with a predominance of studies in males. In the experimental stage, bilateral DBS (bipolar electrodes; 130 Hz, 50 μs, 300 μA) was evaluated in three operant tasks standardized in this work. In reversal learning, which assesses the updating of contingencies, the medial striatum, the ventral striatum, and the STN were stimulated; in set-shifting, which assesses the replacement of learned rules, the medial striatum and the STN; and in the two-armed spatial restless Bandit, which assesses feedback-guided choices under uncertainty, the medial striatum. In the first two tasks, male Wistar rats received DBS or sham stimulation for 1 h before and during testing; in the Bandit, Long-Evans rats of both sexes were evaluated in a within-subject design, without stimulation and under continuous or pseudorandom stimulation, only during testing. In reversal learning, ventral striatal DBS favored slower and more accurate responses after the contingency change, whereas medial striatal and STN DBS produced no consistent changes. In set-shifting, medial striatal DBS reduced reaction time and omissions without altering accuracy, replicating previous findings, whereas STN DBS increased reaction time. In the Bandit, medial striatal DBS reduced accuracy and altered the use of feedback without changing the proportion of exploration; only continuous stimulation reduced above-chance reward, whereas pseudorandom stimulation increased reaction time. In sum, the effects of DBS were specific to the target, the stimulation pattern, and the task, with no indication of a general improvement in behavioral flexibility. The replication of the set-shifting effect supports the use of medial striatal stimulation as a preclinical model of the modulation of cognitive control by VC/VS DBS.
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    Efeitos do tratamento com Lipoproteínas de Baixa Densidade (LDL) na expressão da ADAM10 em células neuronais e endoteliais: uma investigação molecular dos fatores de risco modificáveis para demência
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-09-04)
    Targas, Ana Beatriz Aparecida
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    Cominetti, Márcia Regina
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    http://lattes.cnpq.br/3725318894555272
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    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-7392
    ;
    http://lattes.cnpq.br/8277471313927852
    Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and multifactorial neurodegenerative disease whose pathophysiology involves neuronal, vascular, and metabolic alterations. Among the modifiable risk factors associated with dementia, lipid metabolism, particularly elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), has received increasing attention due to its potential contribution to vascular and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. However, the mechanisms through which this metabolic factor may interfere with neurodegenerative processes remain poorly understood. In this context, ADAM10, the major constitutive α-secretase in the central nervous system, participates in the non-amyloidogenic processing pathway of amyloid precursor protein (APP), reducing the formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Considering that cholesterol contributes to the organization of cell membranes and may modulate APP processing, alterations in cholesterol homeostasis may influence ADAM10 activity and, consequently, the non-amyloidogenic pathway. This study aimed to establish and characterize an in vitro BBB platform using a triculture system composed of hCMEC/D3 endothelial cells, astrocytes, and SH-SY5Y cells differentiated into neuron-like cells, in order to investigate the effects of LDL exposure on ADAM10 gene expression. SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated using retinoic acid (10 µM), and the tri-culture was established in a Transwell system and characterized by transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and immunofluorescence analysis of Claudin-5 and GLUT-1. To standardize the treatment conditions, cells were exposed to 25–200 µg/mL LDL, and metabolic activity (AlamarBlue®) and cell density (sulforhodamine B, SRB) were evaluated. The tri-culture was subsequently exposed to 50 and 100 µg/mL LDL, and ADAM10 expression was quantified by RT-qPCR in SH-SY5Y cells (6 and 24 h) and endothelial cells (24 h). The tri-culture exhibited significantly higher TEER values than the hCMEC/D3 monoculture, with a progressive increase over 24 h, and the expression of Claudin-5 and GLUT-1 was confirmed in endothelial cells. The LDL concentrations tested did not significantly alter metabolic activity or cell density, nor did they significantly affect ADAM10 expression in any of the cell types or experimental time points evaluated. Thus, the hypothesis that LDL exposure would reduce ADAM10 expression was not confirmed. Nevertheless, this study established an initial in vitro BBB platform integrating endothelial, neuronal, and astrocytic components, providing a foundation for future investigations into modifiable metabolic risk factors in AD and their effects on BBB integrity and the neurovascular unit.
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    Investigação da corrosão em revestimentos de óxidos anódicos depositados sobre ligas de alumínio por meio de tratamentos de plasma eletrolítico
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-08-21)
    Andrade, Fabio Batista Marques de
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    Strixino, Francisco Trivinho
    ;
    http://lattes.cnpq.br/9740223649776400
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-0270
    ;
    http://lattes.cnpq.br/0496470295696487
    Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was employed to produce oxide coatings on a commercial aluminum alloy using electrolytes containing niobium (Nb), silicon (Si), and tungsten (W). Different anodizing times and initial electrolyte temperatures were evaluated to establish relationships between processing conditions, the morphological, chemical, and structural characteristics of the coatings, and their electrochemical behavior. Characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and potentiodynamic linear polarization (PLP). SEM results revealed differences in layer thickness and morphology, including the formation of pores and microcracks, while EDS confirmed the presence of the incorporated elements. XRD analyses identified various alumina phases and phases associated with the incorporated elements, including WO3 in the tungsten-containing coatings. Polarization tests showed a significant reduction in corrosion current density compared to uncoated aluminum, particularly for the Nb-containing condition obtained at 15 °C for 3600 s. The results demonstrated that PEO coating performance stems from the interplay of composition, crystalline phases, thickness, morphology, and interface characteristics, with anodizing conditions playing a decisive role in achieving superior corrosion protection