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    Avaliação do ciclo de vida no contexto da economia circular para resíduo de PVC proveniente do setor automotivo
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-08-21)
    Maceno, Marcos Vinícius
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    Moris, Virginia Aparecida da Silva
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    http://lattes.cnpq.br/1101036108950133
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    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6374-1792
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    http://lattes.cnpq.br/2983928900618065
    Sustainability issues are increasingly valued in today's society, and many sectors of the economy are being pressured to develop more environmentally sound operations. The automotive industry, which is intensive in natural resources, is no different and faces societal pressure to evolve in favor of the environment. One of the most relevant and demanded themes concerns the application of circular economy (CE) concepts. In this sense, this work studied sustainable alternatives for the management of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waste in the automotive sector, from the perspective of the circular economy and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The work was structured in two studies. The first was a systematic review (SLR) to understand the current scenario of alternatives for PVC and to confirm their efficiency via LCA. This work showed that there are promising initiatives, but they still need to mature. The second study deepened the knowledge developed in the previous study by applying LCA to a real-world case of reusing PVC waste from the automotive painting process, used in the manufacture of PVC automotive mats. The results obtained were promising, highlighting the reduction of potential environmental impacts in practically all evaluated categories and reinforcing the environmental benefit associated with the circularity of PVC. It was identified that the main hotspot in the material's life cycle—evaluated from a cradle-to-grave approach in its application as a raw material for automotive mats—is concentrated in the virgin PVC production stage, which confirms the advantages of adopting practices aligned with the circular economy. In a comprehensive way, this work directly contributes to the advancement of PVC circularity in the automotive sector and can support the development of industrial initiatives and public policies aimed at promoting the circular economy.
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    Aprendizado profundo aplicado a imagens aéreas para identificação de bovinos em campos de engorda
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026)
    Bortoletto, João Guilherme
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    Hernandes, André Carmona
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    http://lattes.cnpq.br/6806138514642732
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    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1709-9903
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    http://lattes.cnpq.br/8735799378285601
    This work addresses the use of computer vision techniques for the automatic identification of animals in feedlots, a relevant task for monitoring and management in precision livestock farming. However, there are still gaps in the literature regarding the development of specific datasets capable of reducing duplicate detections and increasing detection accuracy in real-world scenarios. Thus, the objective of this dissertation is to develop and quantitatively evaluate a dataset for cattle identification in feedlots, aiming to increase recall and reduce the occurrence of duplicate detections in aerial images. For this purpose, images collected by a remotely piloted aircraft equipped with an RGB camera were used, with the data stored on an SD card for subsequent processing. From these images, animal fragments were extracted and used to train a neural network through transfer learning, allowing weight adjustment for recognition under different positions and angles. As results, the model pre-trained on the COCO dataset achieved 90% precision, 67% recall, and an F1-score of 76.82%, indicating that although it correctly classifies detected objects, it fails to detect a significant portion of the cattle present in the images. In contrast, the JGBCowV1 dataset achieved 73% precision, 82% recall, and an F1-score of 77.24%, while the refined JGBCowV1.1 version reached 83% precision, 75% recall, and an F1-score of 78.79%, demonstrating consistent improvement in model performance and a better balance between precision and detection capability when compared to the COCO dataset, in addition to superior performance in cattle identification under the real-world conditions analyzed. Finally, a consolidated results file was generated and, as future work, the use of additional sensors, such as thermal cameras, is suggested to improve detection in scenarios with high animal density.
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    Fúria e ressentimento - a Onryō no cinema japonês: registro em três tempos
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-04-07)
    Godoy, Gregory Abraham de
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    Gamo, Alessandro Constantino
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    http://lattes.cnpq.br/8208629144314123
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    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9512-2312
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    http://lattes.cnpq.br/0847571360848173
    This research investigates the construction and evolution of the figure of the onryō in Japanese horror cinema, focusing on the character Oiwa through a comparative analysis of three film adaptations of the play Tōkaidō Yotsuya Kaidan, released in 1949, 1959, and 2014. A comparative approach is employed in order to examine continuities and transformations in the representation of this traditional figure over time, taking into account different historical and aesthetic contexts. Initially, the study presents an overview of the arrival of cinema in Japan and its early manifestations within the horror genre, subsequently turning to the cultural origins of the onryō and its transposition into the horror genre. Situated within the field of Film Studies, this research proposes a dialogue between the mythic-cultural roots of the onryō — from the foundational myths to its consolidation during the Edo period — and its cinematic representation from the twentieth to the twenty-first century, analyzing how cultural traditions and contemporary influences intertwine in the construction of different forms of representing horror over time.
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    Análise de questões de espanhol no Enem de 2021 a 2023 com foco na caracterização das habilidades mobilizadas e seus possíveis efeitos em contextos de ensino
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-29)
    Silva, Luís Fernando Adorno da
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    Gregolin, Isadora Valencise
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    http://lattes.cnpq.br/1015869228676997
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    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-3126
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    http://lattes.cnpq.br/5531083517681986
    Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las preguntas de lengua española del Examen Nacional de la Enseñanza Media (Enem) durante el período comprendido entre 2021 y 2023, con foco en la caracterización de las habilidades lectoras movilizadas y en sus posibles efectos en los contextos de enseñanza de la Educación Básica. Fundamentada en estudios sobre evaluación educativa y enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras, especialmente en las contribuciones de Scaramucci (2012), Segat (2019), França (2023) y Kanashiro (2012), la investigación parte de la comprensión de la evaluación como una práctica social y pedagógica que supera la mera medición de resultados. El corpus de la investigación está compuesto por las preguntas de español de las ediciones del Enem de 2021, 2022 y 2023, analizadas a la luz de la Matriz de Referencia del examen, con énfasis en las habilidades H5, H6, H7 y H8. La metodología adoptada es de carácter cualitativo y se basa en el análisis documental e interpretativo de las preguntas seleccionadas. Los resultados de los análisis realizados indican que, aunque el examen presenta avances en la valorización de prácticas de lectura inferencial y crítica a lo largo de sus ediciones, especialmente en ítems que movilizan aspectos socioculturales, las preguntas de lengua española presentes en las pruebas de 2021, 2022 y 2023 aún se centran en la identificación o localización puntual de información y en el reconocimiento léxico. Esta configuración evidencia una tensión entre diferentes concepciones de lectura en el interior del examen, revelando que el proceso de transformación de las prácticas evaluativas ocurre de manera gradual. Los análisis también señalan posibles efectos retroactivos en la enseñanza de la lengua española, ya que el Enem tiende a influir en las prácticas pedagógicas y en las decisiones curriculares. Se concluye que, aunque el examen ha ampliado las formas de abordar la lectura en lengua española al considerar aspectos socioculturales e interpretativos, las preguntas analizadas en esta investigación aún mantienen elementos de enfoques más tradicionales, lo que refuerza la necesidad de revisiones y actualizaciones constantes tanto de las preguntas elaboradas como de la propia Matriz de Referencia, vigente desde 2009.
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    Percepção e adaptação climática na cafeicultura
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-05-13)
    Ferreira , Caroline Alves
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    Gallo , Anderson de Souza
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    Magalhães , Leonardo Pinto de
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    http://lattes.cnpq.br/2414115508284005
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    http://lattes.cnpq.br/8771305776391428
    Coffee farming holds great socioeconomic importance in Brazil, the world's leading producer. In southern Minas Gerais, production is predominantly driven by family farmers who face challenges due to climate change. Shifts in weather patterns and temperatures have impacted coffee productivity and quality, necessitating the adoption of adaptation strategies. In this context, this study aims to analyze how climate change is perceived by coffee farmers and to investigate adaptation strategies and factors associated with the resilience of coffee agroecosystems. The first chapter presents a systematic literature review, conducted according to the PRISMA protocol, identifying key methodological approaches used in studies on climate perception in global coffee farming, as well as adaptation strategies and territorial factors influencing farmers' perceptions. The second chapter details a study conducted with coffee farmers affiliated with the Cooperative of Family Farmers of Poço Fundo and Region (COOPFAM) in southern Minas Gerais; it analyzes perceptions regarding the impacts of climate change on production, identifies adaptation strategies, and examines factors contributing to the strengthening of climate resilience in the region. Results from the systematic review indicate that territorial factors, production systems, and socioeconomic conditions directly influence how coffee farmers perceive and respond to climate events. The study with COOPFAM farmers found that key adaptive strategies include crop shading, production diversification, the adoption of new cultivars, and ecological soil management. Integrating farmers' local knowledge with environmental monitoring tools proved significant for understanding the resilience of coffee agroecosystems in the face of climate change, thereby contributing to the development of adaptation strategies better suited to the realities of family farming.