Contribuição da educação ambiental na formação de sujeitos ex-moradores de rua da cidade de São Carlos

Abstract

Environmental problems have sparked concern about the future of the planet and the living and survival conditions of future generations and other living beings, due to a series of alarming and increasing impacts, including pollution and climate change that have caused the lack of water in several places. With this, the environmental perception and the relation of the human being with the water have become the object of study of several researchers. Another worrying issue is the increase in the number of individuals living on the streets and the relation they establish between themselves and their environment. Education has the potential, in working with the general population, to contribute to the search for solutions to these social and environmental problems. Therefore, the present research aims to know the relevance of activities in environmental education for the formation of ex-homeless individuals from the city of São Carlos, in the interior of São Paulo. In the research was adopted the Methodology of Communicative Research that has as one of its objectives to change the self-image of the participants, generating transformations in social and cultural relations with their environment. This is part of the concept of Dialogic Learning that aims to overcome the different types of social segregation through rigorous principles, based on Freire's dialogicality and Habermas's communicative action. The participants of this survey were thirteen men, ex-homeless, living in a religious NGO, which shelters and assists men to leave their lives on the streets and participate in MOVA group, in which the author of this research is an educator. In the first part of this work, an in-depth interview was conducted with the participants, to know their environmental and water perception, and then proceeded to a communicative discussion. The speech of each one was analyzed in parallel with the perceptions of riverside individuals from Cachexia de Emas and urban individuals from the city of São Carlos, presented in previous work. In the second part, successful communicative activities were carried out, called interactive groups, reanalysis of the interview and communicative discussions. The activities of the interactive groups were planned based on the students' perception of water and based on theory of complexity, focused on education, in which the activities sensitize the learners and lead them to know all the areas that involve a thematic. In the case of this research, the subject selected by the students was the water issue in the Coreg do Gregório watershed, in São Carlos-SP. The speeches were analyzed according to the following categories: "use of water resources" and "access to water", and were subdivided into transformers and obstacles. It was concluded that individuals, ex-homeless, have a perception of the water that approaches both the riverside and the urban individuals due to their existence, experience and culture. And also, those used here to deal with environmental issues, particularly water, using the concept of Dialogical Learning and, together with a complex approach, help in the development of critical thinking in order to overcome injustice in social relations and degradation in relations with the environment.