Enfermeiro de unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal: motivação para a formação profissional

Abstract

Prematurity is linked to infant mortality, especially in its neonatal component. Brazil has been showing an increase in its incidence, especially in relation to the births of extreme preterm infants (children born with gestational age between 24 and 30 weeks). Thus, care as an interrelation brings simultaneous benefits to the critical newborn, family, and health professionals, fostering it through the involvement of all agents of this care. Given this scenario and over time, the training process experienced by health professionals, brought scientific and technological progress, improved living conditions and prevention of health problems, becoming essential to the development of good care practices, covering not only reduction of mortality, but rather, ensuring transformations to the caring process. The present study is descriptive-exploratory in nature, with a qualitative analytical approach. Its objective was to discuss the motivation of nurses working in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit to continue professional training and to learn the experiences of this process. The present study is descriptive-exploratory in nature, with a qualitative analytical approach. Its objective was to discuss the motivation of nurses working in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit to continue professional training and to learn the experiences of this process. The Theory of Self-determination and as a Methodological Reference to Narrative Analysis according to Lieblich, Tuval-Mashiach, and Zilber were listed as Theoretical Referential. Sixteen nurses working in cities belonging to the Health Region of the State of São Paulo participated in the study: III - Araraquara; VI - Bauru; VII - Campinas; X - Piracicaba; XIII - Ribeirão Preto; XIV - São João da Boa Vista; XV - São José do Rio Preto. The analysis of the empirical data allowed to identify that the motivation for formation is, at the beginning of the trajectory of the nurse working in NICU, based on the person of the nurse, his / her understanding about the good care. Throughout the time of practice at the NICU, he reviews his concept of care and the place of training, both his and the team. In these times, an influential determinant of motivation is the attitude of the institution, especially in the person of the supervisor. The reception received in terms of restlessness and formative yearnings for you and the team is fundamental for the propulsion or recollection of this motivation, signaled as a cardinal sign of professional life. The subjects' Insertion in the NICU ',' Specialization as initial continuing training ',' Nursing of NICU and the quality of care 'and' Continuing education and institutional support 'portray the nurses' movement in relation to training for NICU work. The analysis of the participants' narratives reveals how much the motivation for formation is, at the beginning of the trajectory, broad and connected to the objective of reaching competencies to act in the specialty and to provide a good care, based on the understanding they have about it. It is an understanding that values the intensivist clinic and the development of procedural skills for this clinic. In the formative walk, as they expand and feel more comforted in terms of clinical knowledge and common and common procedures to the context of the NICU, they reflect on the role and competencies required by nurses, when humanization and its challenges are highlighted. The search for specific training in neonatology intends to bring to the working environment new knowledge and new professional postures, in this perspective the nurse sees, as already pointed out above, a principal actor to foment issues that involve the qualification of care. However, it is evident that the deficiencies in individual and collective motivational investment, managerial improvement and conduct centered on integral care are strong indications of the urgent need to review institutionalized processes maintained in hospitals.