Influência de parâmetros biométricos e sociodemográficos na resiliência, autoestima, satisfação e percepção corporal de adolescentes do Ensino Fundamental II

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the degree of resilience, self - esteem, satisfaction and body perception of students from public schools in the city of São Carlos (SP), Elementary School II, and their correlation with biometric and sociodemographic parameters. Methods: Quantitative research approved by the institutional CEP (Opinion 1,218,390). Measured weight, height and BMI. Applied questionnaires: Sociodemographic, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Resilience Scale and Body Perception Scale by Tiggeman and Barret. Statistical analysis: analysis of variance (Kruskall-Wallis) or Mann-Whitney test, according to the number of variables; Fisher's test; Spearman's correlation test; multiple correlation analysis and ODDs ratio. Significance level adopted 5%. Results: Evaluated 888 students from 12 schools in the city of São Carlos. There was no significant difference between the self-esteem values ​​of the individuals classified by BMI, however the girls presented lower self-esteem than the boys (p = 0.0012). There was no significant difference in resilience values ​​according to BMI or gender. Eutrophic students of both sexes showed adequate body perception, while the obese and overweight were perceived with smaller bodies (p <0.0001). 70% of the population reported being dissatisfied with their body. The overweight and obese individuals wished to have smaller bodies and the male eutrophic wished larger bodies. Discussion: This study showed that self-esteem and resilience do not vary in different age groups due to BMI and have no correlation with weight and height, but it has a strong correlation with sex, since girls have lower self-esteem when compared to boys. The data of corporal perception showed that the students classified as eutrophic, of both sexes have an adequate body perception, whereas the obese and overweight individuals perceive themselves with smaller bodies. When measuring the degree of satisfaction of female and male students in relation to their biotypes, it was found that students classified as overweight and obese would like to have smaller bodies, and females classified as eutrophic would like to have bodies similar to those they have. Male eutrophic students, on the other hand, would like to have larger bodies. The data presented add fundamental information related to the psychological profile of adolescents classified by sex and body weight, which should be carefully considered by professionals and managers of the Health System, so that clinical care and public health policies are more appropriate to the characteristics, anxieties and difficulties of this population.