Fatores relacionados com adoção e aderência de aplicativos móveis de atividade física por idosos: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

Introduction: Many problems that occur with aging are related to an unhealthy lifestyle. Physical activity (PA) helps to prevent disease and promote health, promoting a healthier lifestyle. One strategy to promote the practice of healthy habits, such as AF, is the use of mobile device applications. However, the elderly population faces difficulties and barriers regarding these technologies. It becomes important, then, to identify the scientific literature on the subject in order to collaborate in the improvement and/or creation of PA applications that are more accessible to this audience. Thus, the objective of this investigation is to map the factors related to adoption and/or adherence to PA mobile apps by the elderly. Methods: In this section, two manuscripts of the scoping review were presented, the first is the protocol with methodological aspects and the second the complete review with the results. Regarding the review methods, searches were performed in five databases, with a strategy developed from terms such as adoption, adherence, factors, mobile applications, PA and elderly. In addition, two additional strategies were performed by checking the list of references of the included and searching Google Scholar. Studies available from 2010 to the date of the search in English, Portuguese or Spanish, that had factors specific to the elderly, were included. The selection of studies was performed by two reviewers in five steps: identification of studies in the databases and removal of duplicates; pilot test; selection by titles and abstracts; inclusion by full texts and realization of additional strategies. Disagreements in the steps were resolved by a third reviewer. Data were extracted by two reviewers using a form. Quantitative data were reported in a narrative form and qualitative data were analyzed through an inductive thematic analysis. Results: The results were presented in the second manuscript, as follows: 12 studies were included in the review, most of which were published after 2017 and half of the studies were published in Switzerland or the United States. The studies had different types of design being the most frequent studies of usability, intervention, interview and design, and product development. In addition, the qualitative approach was the most used and most studies (58.3%) had between 11 and 20 participants. All study participants used at least one PA application and data related to adoption and/or adherence to these applications were collected through different means, such as interviews, focus groups, questionnaires and data from the application itself. The main factors found in relation to adoption were personal factors related to the individual, while for adherence the main factors were the technical reasons related to the application used. Conclusion: This review allowed the identification of specific factors for the elderly public, which could help in the development and improvement of mobile PA applications, increasing the adoption and adherence of this audience and, consequently, the practice of PA.