Métodos de aquecimento ativo de soluções endovenosas na prevenção ou tratamento de hipotermia do paciente perioperatório: scoping review

Abstract

Objective: To map the existing literature on active warming methods for intravenous solutions to prevent or treat hypothermia in perioperative patients. Method: To support this study, a Scoping Review was conducted according to the methodology proposed by Joanna Briggs Institute. The searches were performed between March and May 2021, period in which all publications were accessed. After applying the established inclusion criteria, 60 studies were identified for reading in full, and 15 answered the research question. For the extraction of data from the studies we used an instrument structured by the researchers themselves according to the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: Among the 15 (100%) selected studies, all were in the form of articles and, regarding the area of publication, 12 (80.0%) were related to the medical field and its specializations and only 1 (6.7%) to the nursing field. Regarding the surgeries in which hypothermia control was performed, gastrointestinal surgeries 4 (26,67%) and elective cesarean sections were the most common 5 (33,33%); 1 (6.7%) study used the microwave as heating method, 13 (86,67%) showed that the purpose of using heated IV solution is to prevent hypothermia. Conclusion: The study evidenced that hospital fluid heaters is the most used method of active warming of IV solutions, that the context of use of warming IV solutions involves the prevention of hypothermia in the perioperative patient. This scope identified that the studies addressed hospital settings, specifically the surgical setting, which demonstrates the gap in knowledge production in other settings that provide care to patients at risk of hypothermia.