Terapia fágica e entrega de sistemas CRISPR-Cas9 Tipo II programáveis como alternativa ao uso de antibióticos no combate a Staphylococcus aureus: revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal bacterium of both the skin and the human mucosa, but also a frequent cause of serious infections with high morbidity, mortality and associated health costs. S. aureus strains have the ability to quickly adapt to antibiotic selection pressure, resulting in the development of resistant strains. The present study is a systematic descriptive review, without meta-analysis, which aimed to address the issue of bacteriophage therapy as a potential tool for alternative treatment to the use of antibiotics, and to combat the accelerated emergence of bacterial strains resistant to these antibiotics. Despite its great potential as an antimicrobial agent, the use of bacteriophages for the treatment of bacterial infections is still ineffective, especially in an in vivo setting, due to a number of factors such as restricted range of hosts, difficulty in reaching high concentrations and transport to the action site. Advances in synthetic biology techniques have allowed the transposition of some of these barriers, especially when using genome editing techniques, such as the CRISPR-Cas system. This work sought to analyze literature articles that used engineered bacteriophages that could carry coding sequences of a programmable CRISPR-Cas9 type II system, and be able to act as an antimicrobial agent against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.