Procedimentos em terapia ocupacional: revisão das produções em terapia ocupacional de 2010 a 2019

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The field of mental health has a predominantly interdisciplinary character. The practice in occupational therapy requires greater clarity of the procedures that are specific to it. Professional interventions do not occur in a linear process and has a complexity that goes beyond the use of technical rationality (based exclusively on the application of theories and techniques). The procedures of professional practice in the field of mental health are rarely explained and reported in academic works in the area, in part because of the difficulty in describing the tacit knowledge of a narrative, creative practice focused on the uniqueness of cases. A scope review was carried out seeking to identify publications in the field of occupational therapy in mental health, with a discussion of practical experiences, to elucidate the procedures used in the interventions. OBJECTIVE: To identify the procedures of occupational therapists present in national publications between 2010 and 2019 in occupational therapy in the field of mental health with the adult population. METHODOLOGY: This review carried out data collection in two stages. In the first one, data from the bibliometric study carried out by Mazaro et al. (2021), which sought to describe the panorama of scientific knowledge about occupational therapy and mental health. To complement this review, a second stage was carried out with data collection in the two Brazilian virtual libraries, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) and the CAPES Periodical Portal, with the descriptors “occupational therapy” and “mental health”, specifying Brazil, as country/region, including the year 2019. Articles were included: 1) on the Brazilian reality, 2) that addressed practical actions of occupational therapists in adult mental health, 3) from January 2010 to December 2019. Numerical data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. For the qualitative analysis, we used the identification of action verbs present in the experience reports, in the context of the action; identification of the intention of the action; grouping of verbs with similar action intentions; thematic analysis to understand the focus of the procedures. RESULTS: In the first stage of the search, 249 articles were found, and 31 were selected. In the second stage, 991 articles were located, and 133 were selected. By applying the criteria, 164 articles were selected, 14 of which were duplicates and 120 were excluded after reading the title and abstract, resulting in 16 articles included. After complete reading, 2 articles were excluded, totaling 14 articles included in this review. Three major categories of verbs linked to occupational therapists' procedures were identified: 1) Plan the intervention; 2) Carry out the intervention); 3) Observe (know, understand, analyze). CONCLUSION: From the analysis of the actions, explained in the verbs, we were able to gather some procedures of the practices of occupational therapists immersed in the field of adult mental health. It is not intended to say that the procedures identified answer the question of how therapists work in the field of mental health, but rather that they stimulate debate in the field in order to produce advances on specific occupational therapy actions. We hope that the identified mapping can instigate further investigations on the subject.