Fatores que influenciam a mobilidade urbana da mulher: estudo de caso na cidade de São José do Rio Preto-SP

Abstract

The initial objective of this research was to carry out an analysis of the urban mobility profile of women living in the city of São José do Rio Preto and the restrictions and perceptions that influence their daily commute that can cause exclusion from mobility. Due to the pandemic that started in March 2020, the research was limited to analyzing a group of women living in the city. The methodology used consists of carrying out a Focus Group (in order to verify the characteristics of the mobility of women in the city of São José do Rio Preto), and from the results, the elaboration and application of a questionnaire for the field research. Three Focus Groups were carried out in December 2019 with women living in the city of São José do Rio Preto, aged over 18, neighborhood leaders, university students, retirees, women employed in the formal and self-employed labor market, women with children dependents to travel, women without children and with adult children. The results of the Focus Groups were analyzed using the thematic analysis methodology of Braum and Clarke (2006), associated with the word cloud resource (graphic-visual representations that organize the words and the degree of frequency that the words are cited in the text) . Then the questionnaire for field research was elaborated and the data collection was carried out. Data collection, at first, used the Virtual Snowball methodology (necessary to reach the target audience at the time of social isolation). Subsequently, a second data collection was carried out using the Virtual Snowball methodology again associated with the active search for women in the city (in front of the bus station, in the blue mall and in the ONG As Valquírias). The collected samples were analyzed using the t-test, ANOVA and cross-classification statistics, with a significance level of α = 0.05 and 95% confidence in the result. The results show that for all mobility restrictions (time restriction, perception of insecurity, economic restriction, perception of difficulty in accessing urban activities, perception of insecurity, perception related to the quality of transport infrastructure), the existence of statistically significant difference for the means of the groups of women (p value <0.05 for ANOVA test and t test), for the characteristics of women. The results show that the profile of the woman who suffers the most exclusion from mobility for the group studied are women who use walking and public transport modes and transport by app/taxi, living in the regions of Schmitt and Talhado, with low incomes. very low and with an elementary education level. It is noteworthy that the results presented in this work do not represent the average profile of the city's residents. The samples collected were important for carrying out the research and the results limit the conclusions, but they are validated for the group of women researched.