Análise da incorporação de soluções construtivas de baixo impacto ambiental: estudo de caso do protótipo “Minha Casa Mais Sustentável”

Abstract

There is a growing concern for more rational use of raw materials, natural resources, and renewable energies to minimize the environmental impacts caused by human activity over time. In this scenario, the construction sector is responsible for many of these impacts during construction, use, and maintenance, encompassing its entire lifecycle. Thus, within the context of the construction industry, the incorporation of low environmental impact construction solutions in the processes of design, execution, and use of buildings is of paramount importance to mitigate the effects of overexploitation of natural resources and to assist future generations in meeting their needs and demands. The main objective of this study was to conduct, firstly, a literature review on more sustainable construction solutions and technologies applicable to Social Interest Housing (SIH). Next, the analysis of the “Minha Casa Mais Sustentável” Prototype project was carried out, a multidisciplinary proposal aiming to incorporate more sustainable solutions into a multifamily SIH. Lastly, a comparative analysis was conducted in two aspects, correlating the compilations from the literature review with the guiding directives derived from the contributions of the research team involved in the “Minha Casa Mais Sustentável” Prototype, and subsequently, in relation to the incorporation of more sustainable construction solutions into the architectural design of the Prototype. The analysis observed that, overall, the construction solutions proposed by the Prototype were in line with the references obtained in the literature review, and it was possible to identify that most of the solutions studied by the researchers were incorporated into the architectural design of the prototype. However, some sustainable construction practices that were identified in this literature review could have been considered but were not. Finally, the importance of researching more sustainable construction solutions applied to multifamily SIH is emphasized, aiming to enhance better housing conditions for low-income populations while simultaneously seeking to reduce the environmental impacts caused by the construction sector.