Adolescer: interações sociais e construção identitária

Abstract

Adolescence is a period that encompasses major changes, physical, psychological, social, among others. It is surrounded by the loss/relocation of the “childish”, by the feeling of not being/wanting to be children anymore. The (re)structuring of identity is launched in the midst of and mobilized by discoveries, bodily changes, hormonal effects, desires and uncertainties that need to be understood and accommodated. The specificities of this phase present themselves as challenges for health professionals, when expanding perspectives, knowledge, skills and abilities emerge as pressing and necessary. Professional attitudes, in my opinion, are disconnected from adolescence. In the health literature, a greater presence of productions focused on risk behaviors and chronic health conditions of adolescents is identified, compared to those that focus on identity and autonomy and the possibilities for professionals. In view of the above, seeking contributions to the health of adolescents with directives to the identity process and, challenged by the guidelines to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was developed in two stages. The first, considering the school as a living space for adolescents, as well as the possibility and potential of the partnership between it and the health sector, included carrying out action research, with the proposal to promote dialogue about relationships and identity adolescents, so that they can explore the issues raised in this theme, supported by the pedagogical strategy of Paulo Freire's Culture Circle. Interdisciplinarity and intersectorality in promoting health and life is a challenge, there is an urgent need for investment in partnerships between Primary Care and schools, health and education professionals, to care for adolescents and their families. In this way, the reflections of this study culminated in the recognition of the power of this partnership based on educational acts in an emancipatory and liberating perspective, highlighting the role of nurses in this context. The culture circles highlighted the importance of understanding efforts towards the needs and expectations of the group, as well as the centrality of trust in establishing dialogue with myself and my peers. Promoting awareness of diversity, respect for each person's speech and positioning to achieve an effectively shared process was a structuring axis in relationships throughout the circle. Furthermore, cultural circles pointed out to me the relevance of friendly relationships, especially in terms of trust and support in life challenges. Family relationships were also discussed in the light of trust and support for life's challenges, but in the group worked, they were less relevant when compared to friendship. In the reflection processes, the adolescents brought up abusive and violent relationships in the context of friendships and family, sufferings that infer negative projections in relation to adulthood. This intervention took place in the second half of 2019, beginning in the first academic semester of 2020, interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, whose containment of its spread has social isolation as a structuring factor. Approaching the adolescents in this first stage allowed us to understand the construction of their identities, with emphasis on the social interactions established in this process. In this way, valuing the experience learned, there is an interest in expanding understandings about adolescents' relational processes and their perceptions regarding their identity, autonomy, life project and health, considering the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic at this stage of life. In particular, I asked myself about the impact of isolation, of restriction on social relationships, once I understood the essentiality of social interactions in shaping the adolescent's identity. The human being is essentially social and adolescence has social interactions as a relevant core for development processes. Thus, the objective of the second phase of the study was to understand adolescence in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, considering the developments in the construction of identity. For a better understanding of this doctoral process, the first and second stages of the study will be presented in chapters I and II, respectively. ​