Usos potenciais da Cannabis Sativa L. e seus principais canabinoides no Brasil

Abstract

Cannabis Sativa L. is a herbaceous plant from the Cannabaceae family, cultivated for millennia for various purposes. Since the earliest records of its use in papermaking in China, the plant has been utilized for textile, medicinal, ritualistic, and recreational purposes. To understand its therapeutic potential, it is essential to comprehend some fundamental aspects, such as the plant's morphological structure, different varieties, and the various bioactive compounds, including the entourage effect and the endocannabinoid system. In Brazil, the debate around cannabis' potential uses has intensified, especially concerning cannabinoids like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), which offer promising therapeutic applications. The prohibition and stigma surrounding marijuana, resulting from restrictive policies of the 20th century, have limited scientific research and the development of therapeutic products. However, the advancement of scientific evidence worldwide has driven regulatory changes regarding the therapeutic use of cannabis in Brazil. In addition to traditional and therapeutic uses, cannabis also has unconventional applications (in construction, textiles, phytoremediation, agriculture, biomaterials, food products...), expanding its potential for use and contributing to a revision of public policies and regulations in the country. The plant is a rich source of bioactive compounds that can be explored for the development of new drugs and therapeutic products, using advanced biotechnological techniques for the extraction, modification, and synthesis of cannabinoids. Furthermore, cannabis shows promising applications in areas like bioremediation, where it can be used to decontaminate polluted soils and environments, taking advantage of its ability to absorb heavy metals and toxins. The biotechnological exploration of cannabis in Brazil, combined with scientific progress and appropriate regulation, has the potential to drive innovations in the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors, promoting sustainable and economic development.