Mulheres em situação de violência doméstica: o ponto de vista dos profissionais de Unidades Básicas de Saúde

Abstract

The objective of this study was to understand the psychological and cultural meanings of health professionals of Primary Health Care (PHC) on the issue of women in situations of domestic violence served by them including their uncertainties and difficulties. We tried to interpret the views of these professionals, or their ideas, perceptions and concepts with which they work. The research consisted of Basic Health Units (BHU) of a municipality in the state of Sao Paulo. This is a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews, which contents were analyzed for their utterances expressed during these interviews. We tried to close the final number of participants for sampling by empirical and theoretical saturation. In other words, utterances (corresponding to the empirical data "raw") were analyzed, interview by interview, and were organized into categories formulated in accordance with the theoretical view of the researchers, the interruption of data collection occurred when the empirical data did not support anymore the formulation of new analytical categories and also no longer contributed to the deepening of the categories set out above, in the judgment of the researchers. The results are the 14 subjects that after transcribed, correspond to a corpus of 42,336 words. Respondents comprise a relatively heterogeneous group, with regard to trained professionals (nurses, nursing assistant, nurse, doctors, dentists and pharmacists). For each of the pre-made categories, which were translated into the proposed topics to the participants, were formulated analytical categories: themes or types of statements related to the problems surrounding the issue of women in violent situations (understanding of the phenomenon), emerged in these three Categories: About the violence, risk factors, gender issues. In pre-category themes or types of statements related to the first reception and care for women victims of violence were raised three categories: APS and violence against women, Dynamics of the reception and first aid, Notification. In the themes or types of statements related to other procedures to be undertaken in the APS and women in situations of violence fell into two categories: secondary and tertiary preventive measures and Prevention. Finally, the pre-category: themes or types of statements about the possible difficulties in personal and institutional care provided in APS appeared four: Social and psychosocial, educational difficulties, intrasectoral difficulties, and intersectoral difficulties. The work of discussion of these results was performed by means of a gender perspective. It can be concluded from the difficulty of PHC professionals in meeting the women in violent situations, and these difficulties begin to address the woman who is in this situation to the development / implementation of the plan of care. There is a need for intersectoral work of the network to approach these women and full inclusion in school curricula of the problem for society to constantly look for gender equality and so you can prepare your professionals to meet these women. The limits of the research were identified.