Incorporação de diretrizes bioclimáticas e de acessibilidade no projeto urbano. Estudo de caso na cidade de Jaboticabal, SP.

Abstract

Cities have become a challenge to urban planning professionals. This paper aims to present environmentally adequate techniques of urban intervention to implement cities in the urban design. The methodological development of the research was based on a classical literature review, as well as on the analysis of recent documents, as agenda 21, concerning the environmental sustainability. From the data collection it was possible to compare and organize principles and propose applicable procedures for the urban design. The ideas of bioclimatic urbanism and sustainable development were used having in view the necessity of human comfort in the environment built. In addition, the phenomena resulting from the urbanization process, such as urban microclimate, heat island effects and others, were observed by means of an ecosystemic analysis of the city. The positive relation between the anthropic actions and the natural environment is desirable. The use of environmental techniques aims to minimize the negative effects which result from the predatory way man establishes himself in the urban space by means of an adequate interaction between the implementation of cities and the climatic, topographic and geomorphological factors existing in the urban space. The use of such techniques also aims to propose a bioclimatic urbanism by the utilization and occupation of urban soil according to the environmental planning principles, which is based on the universal design. Due to analytical issues the present study focuses on the hot-humid tropical weather, as it is the most significant type of weather in Brazil. The empirical object of this research corresponds to a central urban area in Jaboticabal, SP. A route with a large flow of pedestrians was chosen for situation. According to the interventions criteria adopted along the study, the problems and possible suggestions to improve the area were diagnosed and analyzed.